搜索
12015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Wehavemoregenesincommonwithpeoplewepicktobeourfriendsthanwithstrangers.Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelatedasfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.Asco-authorofthestudyJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiegosays,Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.Theteam9developedafriendshipscorewhichcanpredictwhowillbeyourfriendbasedontheirgenes.Thestudyalsofoundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsus11similarenvironmentsbutthereismoretoit.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13functionalkinshipofbeingfriendswith14!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople's18tobefriendthoseofsimilaret19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.21.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.3Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday——embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice——asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain___