英语诗歌的类型-Types-of-Poetry

1PartIITypesofpoetryI.Narrativepoetry叙事诗--tellingastory--givingaverbalrepresentationofasequenceofconnectedeventsandpropelscharactersthroughaplot--narrator21.Epic史诗--recountinginacontinuousnarrativethelifeandactionofaheroicormythologicalpersonorgroupofpersons--Homer:IliadandOdysseyVirgil:AeneidDante:DivineComedyAnglo-Saxonlegend:BeowulfMilton:ParadiseLost32.Ballad歌谣--anarrativepoemoffolksongwhichtellsastoryinsimplecolloquiallanguage,usuallyinfour-linestanzaswiththesecondandfourthlinesrhymed--theborderareabetweenEnglandandScotland--theMiddleages--commonpeople,oraltradition--traditionalballad:RobinHoodBallads--literaryballad:Coleridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner43.Romance传奇--primarilymedievalfictioninverseorprosedealingwithadventuresofchivalryandlove--Frenchorigin--feudalsystem--SirGawainandtheGreenKnight--LeMorted’Arthur5II.Lyricpoetry抒情诗--takingitsnamefromsongssungbyindividualsorachorusaccompaniedbythelyre--possiblytheoldest:theSongofSolomonandthePsalms--FrancescoPetrarch–Italiansonnet--loveasthemostimportantsubjectmatter--differentfromnarrativepoems:NarrativeLyricstorysongactionemotion61.Sonnet十四行诗--afourteen-linepoem,writteniniambicpentameter(lineswithtensyllables,withaccentsfallingoneverysecondsyllable)--PetrarchinItaly--England:ThomasWyatt,HenryHoward--Spenseriansonnet:--Shakespeareansonnet:abab,cdcd,efef,gg72.Ode颂诗--aformoflyricpoeminwhichthepoethighlycelebratesaperson,athingoranevent--length,stanzaforms,styleandpurpose--Shelley:OdetotheWestWindKeats:OdetoAutumn83.Song歌--ashortlyricpoemintendedtobesettomusicineithervocalperformanceorwithaccompanimentofmusicalinstruments--BenJonson:Song:toCelia94.Elegy挽诗;挽歌;哀歌--elegiac(GreekandRoman)--writtenincoupletsconsistingofahexameterlinefollowedbyapentameterline--usuallyareflectivepoemoflamentationorregret,withnosetmetricalform,generallyofmelancholytone,oftenondeath--ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard105.Dirge挽歌--originallyareligiousserviceinhonorofthedead--nowanysongofmourning,shorterandlessformalthananelegy,andoftenrepresentedasatextmeanttobesungaloud--WilliamShakespeare:FullFathomFive(fromActI,SceneII,TheTempest)116.Aubade晨曲--amorningserenade(F.)--apoemaboutthecomingofdawn,orapieceofmusicmeanttobesungorplayedbyaloveroutdoorslamentingpartingatdaybreak--JohnDonn:TheSunRisingRobertBrowning:PartingatMorning127.Pastoral田园诗--anartisticcompositiondealingwiththelifeofshepherdsorwithasimple,ruralexistence--usuallyidealizingshepherds’livesinordertocreateanimageofpeacefulanduncorruptedexistence--describingthesimplicity,charmandserenityattributedtocountry--placingkindly,ruralpeopleinnature-centeredactivities--WilliamWordsworth:Michael:APastoralPoem13III.Dramaticpoetry戏剧诗--anyversewrittenforthestage--usingthediscourseofthecharactersinvolvedtotellastoryorportrayasituation--presentingthevoiceofanimaginarycharacter(orcharacters)speakingdirectly,withoutanyadditionalnarrationbytheauthor--dramaticmonologuebyRobertBrowning:MyLastDuchess14IV.Othertypesofpoetry1.Descriptivepoetry--devotedtotheportrayofexternalobjectsorscenes--givingexpressiontothepoet’sthoughtsandfeelingsarousedbythevariousscenesandobjectsinthenaturalworld--oftendidactic--WilliamWordsworth:ComposedUponWestminsterBridge152.Reflectivepoetry--treatingofreflectionsandthoughtsoftheauthor--expressingamerereflection,ormoreseriousthought--expoundinghumanlife,therelationshipsofmanwiththeworldbymeansofvariousmethodsofothertypesofpoetry163.Didacticpoetry--toinstructortopersuade,toteach--AlexanderPope:AnEssayonCriticism174.Satiricalpoetry--exhibitingorexamininghumanorindividualvices,follies,abuses,orshortcomings--bymeansofridicule,derision,burlesque,irony,orothermethodstobringaboutimprovement--AlexanderPope:TheRapeoftheLockGeorgeGordonByron:DonJuan185.naturepoemslovepoemsanimalpoemsdeathpoemsfriendshippoems…