植物纤维形态对纸张性能的影响

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Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood1TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology第五节植物纤维形态对纸张性能的影响(一)常见原料的细胞组成比较针叶材:管胞、木射线管胞和木射线薄壁细胞;阔叶材:木纤维、管胞、导管、薄壁细胞及木射线薄壁细胞;禾本科:纤维细胞、杂细胞(表皮细胞、石细胞)。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood2TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology•多数杂细胞由于腔大、壁薄、长度短,制浆时会吸收大量蒸煮药液;•洗浆时会堵塞洗浆机洗鼓的网孔,降低洗涤能力;成纸强度低;•表皮细胞在碱法制浆中会增加废液的硅含量,在酸法制浆中则成片状存在、增加纸病。•原料的杂细胞含量越高,其制浆造纸价值就越低。•制浆造纸价值:棉花及麻类>针叶材原料>阔叶材原料>禾本科原料。杂细胞对制浆造纸的影响Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood3TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology(二)纤维形态及其与纸张性质的关系•纤维形态包括纤维的长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径等基本形态指标外,还包括长宽比、壁腔比以及纤维的粗度等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood4TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology∑niLi数量平均长度=———————∑ni∑niLi2质量平均长度=———————∑niLi∑niLi3二重质均纤维长=——————∑niLi2ni:某级分中纤维数目;Li:某级分中纤维平均长。1.纤维的长度(书38页)Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood5TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology2.纤维形态的频率分布n’分布频率=————X100(%)n将纤维按不同长度(或宽度)的大小分级,计算每一级分纤维根数占纤维总数量的百分比例,可得数量分布频率或质量分布频率。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood6TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology0510152000.110.230.350.470.580.70.820.941.051.171.291.411.521.641.76重量纤维长分布频率(%)原浆板良浆(H型疏解剂)Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood7TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology(二)纤维形态及其与纸张性质的关系纤维长度1.长宽比=-----------------纤维宽度长宽比大的纤维,成纸时单位面积中纤维之间相互交织的次数多,纤维分布细密,成纸强度高,特别是撕裂度、裂断长、耐折度等强度指标。(书39页表1-19)一般认为长宽比小于45的原料,应用价值很低。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood8TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology2.壁腔比2X细胞单壁厚度壁腔比=——————————细胞腔直径CellwallthicknessWidthChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood9TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology2X细胞单壁厚度刚性系数=—————————X100纤维直径细胞腔直径柔性系数=————————X100纤维直径Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood10TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology纤维的壁腔比不同,则它们的柔软程度不同。壁腔比小(即纤维的柔软性好)的纤维,成纸时纤维间的接触面积较大,故结合力强,成纸的强度高;反之,壁腔比大的纤维则较僵硬,成纸时纤维间的接触面积较小,结合力小,成纸的强度差。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood11TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology壁腔比1为很好原料;壁腔比=1为好原料;壁腔比1为劣等原料。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood12TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology图:理想的纤维结构厚壁纤维A与薄壁纤维比较。《制浆造纸工程大全》P19Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood13TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyPaperonCloseExaminationChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood14TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology3.纤维的粗度(Coarseness)每100m长度的绝干纤维的质量(mg),用decigrex(dg)表示。W=30CWT=5W=40CWT=5W=30CWT=10W=40CWT=10IncreasingCoarseness[mg/m]RelativeamountofmaterialinfibreChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood15TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology•纤维粗度大于30dg的纸浆,造纸的纸页较粗糙,平滑度低;小于10dg者,纸页细腻,平滑度好,但是裂断长、耐破度、撕裂度及耐折度下降。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood16TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology4.纤维的卷曲因子(Formfactor或CurlIndex)DLFormfactor=D/LCurlIndex=L/D-1Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood17TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology6.扭结指数(Kinkindex)•Measurementofangles•ReportedaccordingtoKibblewhite’skinkindexformulaChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood18TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyPrincipleofmechanicalrefining.Woodchipsarefedintotherefiningzonewheretheyaredisintegratedbetweentwogrooveddiscsofwhichatleastoneisrevolving.纤维的扭结是指由于纤维细胞壁受损而产生的突然而生硬的转折。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood19TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology扭结指数可用单位长度上扭结平均个数(个/mm)或单根纤维上扭结平均个数(个/单根纤维)表示。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood20TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology•定义:1)造纸原料中长度等于或小于0.2mm的纤维2)造纸原料中通过纤维筛分仪的200目筛(0.074mm)的纤维•来源:1)初级细小纤维:木材中原有的小颗粒,如切断的纤维、导管分子、纹孔、射线细胞和薄壁组织细胞(量少);2)二次细小纤维:浆料在生产和后续的抄造过程中通过机械处理产生的纤维壁碎片(量多)。6.细小纤维(fines)Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood21TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology•影响1)纸机的运行过程,比如留着、滤水、白水回收系统、助剂效用、干燥速度等;2)纸张的性能,比如纸张结构、物理强度性能、光学性能、印刷性能等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood22TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology(三)纤维形态测定1.纤维的长、宽度测定•台式投影仪进行;•KajaaniFS(100/200/300)型纤维质量自动测量仪;•纤维质量分析仪(FQA)•Fibermaster/FibertesterChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood23TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyKajaaniKajaani100100纤维分析仪纤维分析仪Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood24TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood25TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyKajaani100纤维分析仪工作原理图Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood26TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyKajaani300Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood27TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyOpticsModuleSampleoutCapillarySampleinFibredetectorDetectorlightsource(Laser)PolarizersMeasurement(CCD-camera)MeasurementlightsourceLEDOpticsbodySampleloop样品回路•漏斗•毛细管•排出Detectionloop检测回路•激光•1st偏振器•毛细管•2nd偏振器•纤维检测器Measurementloop测量回路•发光二极管•毛细管•CCD照相机Measurement测量Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood28TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyFibermasterChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood29TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyFibertesterChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood30TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyFiberQualityAnalysisOpTestEquipmentInc.Hawkesbury,ONCanadaChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood31TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyValuesMeasuredByTheLaboratoryFQAFiberLengthFiberWidthFiberCurlFiberKink%FinesCoarsenessHWD/SWDRatioShivesChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood32TianjinUnive

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