否定词和否定句

英语课件牛津版高二模块八Unit1Unit1ThewrittenwordGrammarandusageNegativewordsandnegativestatementsLookatthefollowingsentences,Arethesesentencestrue?Ifnot,howtocorrectthem?Moneycanbuyhappiness.Moneycannotbuyhappiness.ShanghaiisnotthecapitalcityofChina.BeijingisthecapitalcityofChina.ShanghaiisthecapitalcityofChina.Readtheguidelinesandanswer.1.Whyarenegativestatementsused?2.Whatarethemostcommonlyusednegativewords?Tocorrectamistakenidea.Themostcommonlyusednegativewordsareno,not,never,andneither.3.Whatarethekindsofnegativestatements?(1)auxiliaryverb+not(2)notpairedwithotherwords(3)otherexpressions:hardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,wouldrather…than…(4)usingno,neither,noneornothingtofromcompletenegation(5)partialnegation:wordslikeall,both,everyoneandeverythingareusedinnegativesentencesYoumightnot(mightn’t)havebeenwrittenlastweek.Conclusion1:1)auxiliaryverb+notIt’sthesimplestkindandbasicformofnegativestatements,inwhichnotorn’tusuallycomesaftertheauxiliaryverb.观察下面的例子，总结否定陈述的构成：It’snotuncommontofindherreadingthenewspaper.i.e.(It’squitecommontofindherreadingthenewspaper.)Conclusion2:2)notpairedwithotherwordsWhenusedbeforeawordwithanegativeprefix(e.g.un-,dis-,orin-),themeaningbecomespositive,thoughnotasstrongasadirectpositivestatement.Tip：Anegativestatementmaysometimeshaveapositivemeaning.e.g.Hedidn’tleaveanythingtohissonbutabiglibraryofbooks.Studentsarenotdiscouragedtodiscussthingswiththeirclassmates.Youractionswerenotinexcusable,buttheywerecertainlynotappropriate.i.e.Youractionswereexcusable,butcertainlynotappropriate.Itisnotuncommonforhimtobelate.Notmanypeopleheardthespeech.i.e.Veryfewpeopleheardthespeech.Whennotusedbeforeaphraseoftime,distanceoranounphraseincludingquantities,itservestoemphasizethenegativemeaningofthephrase.Conclusion3:Moreexamples:1.Itisnotalongdistancefromthecitycentretothenewrailwaystation.2.Itwillnotbelongbeforemostpeoplearoundtheworldknowhowtousethecomputer.3.Therewerenotmanypeoplepresentatthemeeting.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tbringit.i.e.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldbringit.Iwouldn’tbesurprisediftheydidn’tmovesoon.i.e.Iwouldn’tbesurprisediftheymovedsoon.3)extranegativeinif-clausesSometimesweusenegativeexpressionswiththewordswhetherandiftoshowourdoubtaboutasituation.ThesearemorecasualandareusuallyusedinspokenEnglish.Conclusion4:Tip:1.“Iwonderwhether/if…”isusedwhenconsideringsomething,concerningoneself.2.“Iwouldn’tbesurprisedif…”isusedwhenconsideringsomething,concerningpeopleotherthanoneself.Moreexamples:1.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tgetahaircut.2.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tbuyanewsuit.•Pipcanhardlywaittobeginhisnewlife.•Theclassicsarefarfromdisappearing.•Pip’ssisterseldomhasakindwordtosay.•Unlessyoureadthenovelyourself,youwillneverknowwhathappensattheend.•JoewouldratherdiethanseeanyharmcometoPip.Conclusion5:4)Usingsomenegativewordsandexpressions.Somecommonnegativeexpressionsare:hardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,freefrom,andwouldrather…than.Moreexamples:1.Thefortunesetshimfreefromfinancialworries.2.Youwillnotcatchtheearlybusunlessyouleaverightnow.5)Whenwordslikeall,both,everyoneandeverythingareusedinnegativesentences,theyformpartialnegation.Conclusion6:AllthatyoufindontheInternetisnotuseful.Ididn’ttakeeverythingwithme.Moreexamples:总结：陈述句的否定形式主要有以下几种形式：1.not加在情态动词、be动词等的后面e.g.Shecouldnotanswerthequestion.Sheisnotateacher.2.若谓语动词是行为动词，前面又没有助动词或情态动词，需在谓语动词之前加上助动词再加否定词not。e.g.Shedoesn’twanttogotothepark.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.3.用带有否定意义的词来表示否定。这类词有：no,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither,never,hardly,little,few,seldom,barely,dislike,disagree,useless,unimportant,outof...,farfrom...,too...to等。e.g.Nooneisintheroom.Henevertelllies.Heisanythingbutawriter.Thisisasentencefreefrommistakes.Heistooilltohavebeenanywherebutinbed.另外要注意以下几种特殊情况：1.否定前移。这类词有think,believe,expect等e.g.Idon’tthinkhehastimetoplaywithme.Idon’tbelieveheisright.2.部分否定和完全否定。表示部分否定常见的有:notboth，notall，noteach/every等。e.g.Notbothofthestudentsareright.表示完全否定常见的有：neither,none,no等。e.g.Neitherofthemisright.Noboyisabsent.ReadthebookreportinpartAandcircleanynegativestatementsusedinthisreport.Forexample:1.…,experiencesachildhoodwithoutanyparents.2.…ReadthesentencesinpartBandcompletethemusingthegivenwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.notuncommoncan’t…to…wouldrather…than…notmany1.Manystudents___________readcontemporarynovels____classics.2.Itis_____________forstudentstohavedifficultyunderstandingclassics.wouldratherthannotuncommon3._________studentsinmyclasshavereadOliverTwist,soItoldthemthestory.4.You_____be____carefulwhencollectingthesestatistics.Notmanycan’ttooHepitiesOliver,takeshimhome,andtriestoreformhim.(page9)他同情奥立佛，把他带回家并设法改变他。Thewordreformheremeans‘becomeormakebetterbyremovingorputtingrightfaults,errors’.变好，改善，改革Languagepointse.g.Thelawneedstobereformed.法律需要进行改革。Shethoughtshecouldreformhim.她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。考点考例1.auxiliaryverb+not(P8)[考例1]There’snolighton—they_____beathome.(2006全国卷I)A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t选A。此处要用情态动词表推测，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”，故can’t符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应当。[考例2]—Mycat’sreallyfat.—You___havegivenhersomuchfood.(浙江2007)A