高中英语辅导讲座(二)

高中英语辅导讲座（二）句子翻译——•名词性从句•并列句顾村中学冯江华英语句子基本结构有五种：主语+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语句子的扩展从句↙↘名词性从句修饰性从句↙↙↘↘↙↘主语表语宾语同位语定语状语名词性从句•概念•分类讲解•多重复合句•有关的谚语ItneveroccurredtomethatTomshouldbemadechairmanofthestudents’Union.(主语从句)2002上海秋季Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.(宾语从句)2002上海秋季PeoplewerewildwithjoyatthenewsthattheOlympicGameswouldbeheldinBeijingin2008.(同位语从句)2003上海春季Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.(表语从句)2004上海春季名词性从句•概念：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句•连接词that,if,whether•连接代词who,what,which•连接副词when,where,how,why（带-ever的连接代词、连接副词起强调的作用）•名词性从句的语序都是陈述句的语序主语从句+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语•Itis+...+主语从句•与Itis+…that结构区别•主语•主语从句+主语+不及物动词1.Everythinghasgone.主语+联系动词+表语主语从句+联系动词+表语主语从句+不及物动词Whatheusedtohavehasgonenow.2.Heishappy.Whatheisafterishappiness.主语+及物动词+宾语主语从句+及物动词+宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语从句+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语3.Hewillmakeabigmistake..Whoeverfailstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.4.SheistogivehersomehelpWhatshewantstodoatpresentistogivehimsomehelp.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语5.Herwordshavemadeusmuchtothinkabout.Whatshesaidhasmadeusmuchtothinkabout.主语从句+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语主语从句•主语从句+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语•Itis+...+主语从句•与Itis+…结构区别Itisquitepossibleforyoutobeinformedofthetheeventsbothathomeandabroad.Itisquitepossiblethatyoushouldbeinformedofthetheeventsbothathomeandabroad.Itis+...+主语从句a.Itis+n.+that……Itisafact(ashame/nowonder/goodnews/awonder/agoodthing/apity/…)that…b.Itis+adj.+that…Itisnecessary(strange/important/wonderful/essential/possible/likely/natural/clear/funnyridiculous/obvious/true/fortunate/…)that…c.Itis+p.p+that…Itissaid(reported/decided/rumoured/announced/arranged/stressed/expected/…)that…d.It+vi.+that…Ithappened(turnedout/suddenlyoccurredtome/…)that…e.Itdoesn’tmatter(doesn’tmaketoomuchdifference/isoflittleconsequence/…)+连接代词或连接副词引导的句子1.她去不去由她自己决定。主语从句+不及物动词beuptosb.todosth.shewillgoornotisuptohertodecide.Whethershewillgoornotisuptohertodecide.…beuptohertodecide2.我们现在努力学习的目的就是在将来为国家贡献一份力量。(aim,contribute)Thatweworkhardatpresentisaimedatcontributingourparttothecountryinthefuture....beaimedatcontributingourparttothecountryinthefuture.主语从句+联系动词+表语beaimedat/contribute...to1.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。(occur）2002上海秋季It+vi.+that…Itneveroccurredtomethat…didn’toccurelectsb./makesb.chairmanItneveroccurred/didn’toccurtomethatTomwould/shouldbeelected/madechairmanofthestudents’Union.Exercise:2.任何想要生存的人不能不依靠社会。(independent)主语从句+联系动词+表语Whoeverwantstoexistcannotbeindependentofsociety.beindependentof…cannotbeindependentofsocietywhoever…连接词的位置1.that引导的主语从句大多数要放到句末去；2.What…引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构；3.由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首或句子后部皆可；4.如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式,则须用it作形式主语的结构;与Itis+…that结构区别Itis/was+强调部分+that/who…1.ItwasinParisthatshemetandmarriedPierreCurie.InParisshemetandmarriedPierreCurie.2.Itwasforthosewoundedsoldiersthatsheworkeddayandnightatthehospital.Forthosewoundedsoldierssheworkeddayandnightatthehospital.3.ItisIwho/thatamyourtruefriend.Iamyourtruefriend.4.Itiscertainthatcuttingdownalargenumberoftreesandusinginsecticidewilldisturbthebalanceofnature.Certaincuttingdownalargenumberoftreesandusinginsecticidewilldisturbthebalanceofnature.Itis+thefirst/second/…+timethat…ItistheonlytimeinhistorythattwoNobelPrizeshavebeengiventothesameperson.Itis(high)timethat…Itishightimethatwewentoverourlessonsfortheentranceexam.主语+不及物动词联系动词+表语及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语表语从句表语从句的定义：表语从句放在联系动词(如be/seem/remain等后)：1.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(Thereasonwhy…)2004上海春季Thereasonisthat…Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpassthedrivingtestwasthathelackedpractice.主语是reason时，表语从句常用that，不用because。主语+联系动词+表语从句2.报纸的第一页是我们了解当天最重要新闻的地方。(oftheday)Thefrontpageofanewspaperiswhere…Thefrontpageofanewspaperiswherewelearnthemostimportantnewsoftheday.Exercise:•宾语从句的种类作动词的宾语宾语从句作介词的宾语作形容词的宾语•有关宾语从句的特殊用法主语+及物动词+宾语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语作动词的宾语动词+宾语从句+间接宾语+宾语从句+it+宾语从句动词不定式+宾语从句动词+宾语从句大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词的后面1.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)2002上海春季heneverputsoff…heneverputsoffwhatmustbedonetodayHoweverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatmustbedonetodaytilltomorrow.Exercise:2.你不认为那个人的脸很像警察局通缉的凶犯吗？(besimilarto)Don'tyouthinkthatman'sfaceissimilartothatofthemurdererwantedbythepolice?Don'tyouthinkthat…动词+间接宾语+宾语从句有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语1.他使我相信，去西藏看看还是很有吸引力的。(assure)Hehasassuredmethat…HehasassuredmethatthereissomethingattractiveaboutmegoingtoTibettohavealook.Exercise:2.我必须警告你使用电器设备是要十分小心。(careful)Imustwarnyouthat…becarefulindoing…Imustwarnyouthatyouhavetobeverycarefulinusingelectricalequipment.动词+it+宾语从句如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面1.不要想当然地认为开夜车是最好的学习方法。(way)takesth.forgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat…Don’ttakeitforgrantedthat…Don’ttakeitforgrantedthatburningthemidnightoilisthebestwaytostudy.Exercise:2.我们应使公众明白这一点，保持生态平衡是重要的。(keep)makesth.clearmakeitclearthat…Weshouldmakeitcleartothepublicthat…Weshouldmakeitcleartothepublicthatitisimportanttokeepthebalanceofnature.动词不定式+宾语从句1.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(apply)2002上海秋季beencouragedtodosth.apply…to…Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapply…Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2.面试时教授向他提问，为