定语从句易犯错误、that、who的固定用法

定语从句常见错误类型2应用定语从句易犯的小错误一、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。误：SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．正：SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome．译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。1.SomeofthegirlsIinvitedthemdidnotcome.此句因删去them，因为从句的宾语时省略了whom/who.2.Isthisthephotowhichyoutookitlastweek?应删去it，因为从句的宾语时关系代词which，无需再用it了。4二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。误：Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．正：Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished．译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。knowknowsHeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho_____(know)Frenchinourschool.Heisoneofthemaleteacherswho____(know)Frenchinourschool.Tip：关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数必须保持一致。1.Thosewhohasfinishedtheirhomeworkmayleavetheclassroomnow.2.ThewomanwhoteachusEnglishisJenny.haveteaches3.Thisisoneofthehousesthatisfreenow.areoneofthe+复数名词这一结构中，从句中谓语用复数。theonlyoneofthe+复数名词，从句谓语用单数6三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。误：Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．正：Thekeythat／whichopensthebikeismissing．译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。小结：1.定语从句中不能缺少先行词。2.在从句中作主语的关系代词不可省。1.Thisiswhoeveryonerespects.(这就是大家尊敬的人。)2.Childreneatmuchsugaroftengetbadteeth.单句改错并指出错误所在theperson/manwho8TheAttributiveclause1定语从句91.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。引导词3个作用：10关系代词用法关系代词指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose(=ofwhich)人／物主／宾主／宾主／宾宾定人人人／物物Summary11that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Readthesesentencestofindtherules.1)I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.(RULE1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时.122)Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestplace(that)wehavevisited.3)Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.Heisjusttheperson(that)wearelookingfor.(RULE3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,justthe等修饰时。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(RULE2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。134)Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandtheschoolsthatwehadvisitedthere.5)Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?(RULE5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(RULE4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物,用关系代词that146)Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.7)Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?Whichisthefilmthatgotthefirst–classawardthisyear.(RULE7)当主句是which引导的特殊疑问句时，关系代词用that.(RULE6)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.15Discussion(1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时或被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few,only等修饰时.(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,justthe等修饰时。(4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人或物,用关系代词that(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。(6)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.(7)当主句是which引导的特殊疑问句时，关系代词用that.•从句前有“不定代”；•先行词前theonly，thesame，any，thevery在，•或有“高、序”去替代，•只用“that”来安排。顺口溜：定语从句中只用who,不用that的情况Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.1.先行词是one,ones或anyone时;先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时2.在以therebe…的句子中，先行词为人时Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.3.当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.4.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时There'sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?5.在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.6.定语从句中有插入语时,且先行项为人时JacksonisamanwhoIbelieveishonest.定语从句中只用WHO,不用that的情况1.先行词是one,ones或anyone时;先行词为those或被those修饰，指人时2.在以therebe…的句子中，先行词为人时3.当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时4.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时5.在非限制性定语从句中指人6.定语从句中有插入语时,且先行项为人时