定语从句汇总讲解学案剖析

1/19高中定语从句汇总讲解◆英语谚语欣赏1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行，始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.定语从句相关考点1、关系代词和关系副词的选取；2、定语从句与主谓一致；3、关系代词的省略问题；4、介词+which/whom…中介词的正确选用；5、that与which;who与whom;who与that；as与which之间的选取；6、定语从句与强调句型；7、双重定语从句；8、way后面的定语从句9、定语从句（…thesame(…)that/as…such(…)as……so…as…）结果状语从句（…such(…)that……so…that…）Step1Leading-in（导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。Heisacleverstudent.HeisastudentwhoisgoodatEnglish.Helivesinasmallvillage.Hisgrandfatherlivedtherebefore.Iknowagirlwholivesinthevillagetoo.HernameisWangFang.WangFang’sfatherisafarmer.Heisahard-workingfarmer.Step2语法讲解一、定语从句的定义及相关术语1．定语从句，又称_________性从句，用来修饰某一____词或___词，一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。2.定语从句的要素：___________和___________：被定语从句修饰的词为先行词，先行词常为______或________；引导定语从句的词为关系词，分为_________和_________；关系词通常有三个功能：①引导句子；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词：_________，_________，_________，_________，_________，在定语从句中充当_________、_________、_________。在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who/that(whom)/(who)/(that)whose先行词指物which/that(which)/(that)whose准关系代词：as,but,than。（下文详细说明）关系副词：_________，_________，_________，在定语从句中充当_________。先行词表示时间状语地点状语原因状语时间when//地点/where/原因（thereason）//why2/193.分类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1)限制性定语从句，是对先行词加以限制或分类，为句中不可缺少的部分，主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时常被省去。在美国英语中，that比which更常用。2)非限制性定语从句，是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不影响句子的完整，需用逗号分开。关系代词as，which，who，whom，whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词when，where也能引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语。3)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词which，可指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，但不能用that取代，关系代词which作宾语或表语时不能省略。Exercise1：用（）划出定语从句、用______划出先行词，并翻译成中文。1.Thebookwhichyouwerelookingforwassoldout.中文：______________________________________________________________________________________2.Thepeoplewhoworkintheeducationalinstitutionareveryfriendly.中文：______________________________________________________________________________________3.Thesun,whichhadbeenhiddenallday,cameoutnow.中文：______________________________________________________________________________________4.Chopin,whoseworksareworld-famous,composedsomeofhismusicinthisroom.中文：______________________________________________________________________________________5.Shesaidthatthemanwasanarchitect,whichturnedouttobetrue.中文：______________________________________________________________________________________6.Everywhereyoucanseepeopleinfashionableclothes,whichshowstheymusthavewell-paidjobs.中文：______________________________________________________________________________________二、定语从句解题三步法：第一：找出先行词和定语从句；第二：看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）；第三：选择合适的关系词。三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词I、如果先行词是表示人的词，作主语时多用who，作宾语时多用whom、who或that（此时可以省略关系代词）；如果先行词是表示物的词，无论作主语、宾语都可用which或that，作宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后，不能用that，只能用which.在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who/that(whom)/(who)/(that)whose先行词指物which/that(which)/(that)whoseExercise2：用关系代词填空（答案多样）1）YesterdayImetMr.Li______________________toldmethewholematter.2）Ican’tfindthebook______________________isborrowedfromthelibrary.3）Players______________________keepwarmexercisesbeforethematchplaymuchbetterthanthose______________________don't.4）Thisistheclassroomin______________________westudy.5）Doyouknowtheman______________________issellingfruitsnearourschool?6）Iwanttochatwiththeman______________________nameisGeorge.3/197）Aletter______________________iswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.8）Doyouknowthegentleman______________________Maryspoketojustnow?9）Thebook______________________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.10）Thefactoryin______________________hisfatherworksisfarfromhere.II.关系代词whose作既指人又指物，在从句中作定语，译成“人的……，物的……”.注意：whose=先行词的所有格在定语从句中主语宾语定语先行词指人who/that(whom)/(who)/(that)whose先行词指物which/that(which)/(that)whosewhose+N.=the+N.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+N.Exercise3：1.Thegirl,__________fatherisalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.2.Thegirl,__________fatherof__________isalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.3.Thegirl,ofwhom____________________isalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.4.Welivedinthehotelroom,______doorfacedsouth.5.Welivedinthehotelroom,_______________________facedsouth.6.Welivedinthehotelroom,________________________facedsouth.7.Thisisthedesk____________arebroken.A.legsofwhichB.whoselegsC.thatD.which8.Helivesintheroom,thewindows________facestothesouth.A.ofwhoseB.ofthatC.ofwhichD.whoseIII.如果表示先行词的一部分如何时，指物就用ofwhich，指人就用ofwhom，即some，any,several,each,two(数词),all,both等加ofwhich或ofwhom.Exercise4：1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5___________arewomen.2.Thebookcontains50poems,most___________werewrittenin1930’s.3.Theyhadasentence,themeaning__________wascompletelybeyondthem.4.Hehasthreesons,all___________diedinthewar.A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.which注意：定语从句与并列句的区别定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。①Mr.Lihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．()②Mr.Lihasthreedaughters，butnoneof_____isadancer．()IV.如果先行词是such,so,thesame或被such,so,thesame所修饰时，关系词用as。“诸如/像…的人或事”-----“such+名词+as+定语从句”/“名词+such+as+定语从句”“和…一样的人或事”-----“thesame+名词+as+定语从句”（指两物相似）“thesame+名词+that+定语从句”（描述同一物品）“和…一样…的人或事”-----“as+形容词+名词+as+定语从句”4/19Exercise5:1.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblems__________havesomethingtodowithouro