定语从句用法口诀

定语从句用法口诀（口诀一）定语从句真奇妙，关系代(副)词来引导，定语从句分两种，是否限定看逗号。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.医生就是负责人们健康的人。Thisisthediamondwhichtheladyhaslost.这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.我学习了仅两年的那所学校离家3公里远。IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttraveledbyplane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheSecondWorldWar.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，它是关于第二次世界大战的。Alice,whoisadistantrelativeofmine,studiesinYalenow.爱丽丝是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在耶鲁学习。Thehouse,whereamurdercasehappenedlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园，去年那里发生过一起谋杀案。（口诀二）which指物who指人，地点where时间when,that人或物均可，why之前是reason。Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn'tneedmuchwater.他们种植了一些不大需要水的树木。（which指物）TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天参观我们学校的那位外国人来自加拿大。（who指人）Thisisthehousewheretheoldscientistoncelived.这是那位老科学家曾经居住过的房子。（先行词是地点时，关系词用where。）IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheYouthLeague.我将永远不会忘记我加入团的那一天。（先行词是时间时，关系词用when。）Doyouknowthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere?你认识正在那儿读书的那个人吗？（that人或物均可）Thisisasupermarketthatsellsavarietyofgoods.这是一家出售各种各样商品的超市。（that人或物均可）【注意】当定语从句由关系副词where,when或why引导时，可以用“介词+which”代替。例如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldscientistoncelived.=Thisisthehouseinwhichtheoldscientistoncelived.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheYouthLeague.=IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheYouthLeague.Shecamearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyshewasabsentfromthemeeting.=Shecamearoundtoexplainthereasonforwhichshewasabsentfromthemeeting.【注意】并非所有的地点、时间或原因，后面的定语从句都要用where,when或why引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，那么，就要用that或which引导。例如：Thisisthehousethat/which(不用where)myfatherbuiltlastyear.这是我父亲去年建造的房子。（作定语从句的宾语）Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/which(不用when)wespentinthecountryside?你是否还记得我们在乡下度过的那些日子吗？（作定语从句的宾语）Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/which(不用why)youhavegivenus.我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。（作定语从句的宾语）（口诀三）从句当中作宾语，whom可以代替who,为了句子更简练，关系代词可省去。Theboywhomadeaspeechjustnowismybestfriend.刚才讲话的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。（who在从句中作主语，不可省略）Ihavemanyfriends(who/whom)Icanturntoforhelpwhenintrouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。(who/whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略)【注意】在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提到之前时，只能用whom,不能用who。如：IhavemanyfriendstowhomIcanturnforhelpwhenintrouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。Theriverwhich/thatrunsthroughthecentreofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略）Doyouremembertheholiday(which/that)wespenttogether?你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗？（which在从句中作宾语，可以省略）Themessage(which/that)youarelookingforisintoday'sChinaDaily.你找的信息就在今天的《中国日报》上。（that,which在从句中作宾语，可以省略）（口诀四）关系若是表所属，whose用法不可无。除此之外还有啥，whom,which加of。Iwanttohelpthechildren,whoseparentswereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.=Iwanttohelpthechildren,ofwhomtheparentswereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.=Iwanttohelpthechildren,theparentsofwhomwereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.Wemustrepairthedesksandchairswhoselegsarebroken.=Wemustrepairthedesksandchairsofwhichthelegsarebroken.=Wemustrepairthedesksandchairsthelegsofwhicharebroken.（口诀五）关系代词不一般，介词经常用在前，此时不用that,who，which,whom才安全1.根据时间、地点、原因跟介词的关系，用“介词+which”替代when,where,why(1)代whenI'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)mysonwasborn.我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。（on根据ontheday确定）Theyearinwhich(=when)theearthquakehappenedwas2008.发生地震的那年是2008年。（in根据theyear确定）(2)替代whereThisistheofficeinwhich(=where)Iusedtowork.这就是我过去工作过的办公室。（in根据theoffice确定）Heforgottheexactspotonwhich(=where)hehadhiddenthejewelry.他忘记了埋藏珠宝的确切地点。（on根据thespot确定）(3)替代whyI'dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(=why)yourefusedmyoffer.我想让你解释一下你拒绝我的帮助的原因。（for根据thereason确定）2.根据与先行词搭配的具体意义确定介词I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。(during根据thetime确定)Iwillofferyouabetterwayinwhichyoucandothejob.我要给你提供一个做这项工作较好的办法。(in根据abetterway确定)3.根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配确定介词Sheboughtseveralclothes,onwhichshespentallhermoney.她买了几件衣服，这些衣服花光了她所有的钱。（on根据spend…on确定）ItisthegrammarrulesofwhichIamnotsure.我没有把握的就是语法规则。（of根据besureof确定）4.根据定语从句所表达的具体意思确定介词Canyouseetheriveracrosswhichthereisabridge?你能看见上面有座桥的那条河？Heisswimmingintheriver,onwhichthereisaboat.他在那条河里游泳，河面上有一只小船。HereistheriverinwhichIusedtoswim.这儿就是我过去常在里面游泳的那条河。【注意】有些“动词+介词”短语被视为一个固定的词组，不可分割。这时不能把介词置于关系代词前，如：listento,lookat,lookfor,lookafter,carefor,hearfrom,sendfor等。ThisistherightbookforwhichI'mlooking.(误)ThisistherightbookthatI'mlookingfor.(正)此外，除了“介词+which”以外，如果定语从句的先行词是“人”，那么也可以用“介词+whom”引导定语从句，例如：MaryisthegirlforwhomIboughtthisgift.玛丽就是我为其买礼物的女孩。Thepersontowhomyoutalkedjustnowishisfather.你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是他父亲。