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时间状语和原因状语从句(2课时—3课时)TEACHINGAIMSAims:1.Toteachstudentsdifferentformsofadverbialclausesoftimeandreason2.TocompareandsummarizethoseclausesTosaywhenthingshappenorhappened,wecanuseadverbialclausesoftimestartingwithbefore,after,while,assince,until,etc.一、时间状语从句AdverbialClausesofTime一、时间状语从句AdverbialClausesofTime表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),not…until,since,once,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when,everytime(eachtime),themoment,thefirsttime(thelasttime),bythetime,等引导。I.wheni.e.1)Whenhecomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.(atthattime)2)HenryisinchargeoftheofficewhenMr.Smithisaway.(duringthetimethat)II.whilei.e.1)Whilehewaswalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.(分词短语）---Whilewalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.---Walkinginthestreet,hemetTom.2)HelearnedtospeakEnglishwhilehewashere.3)Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.III.asi.e.1)Astheywerepickingtea,thegirlsweresinginghappily.(一边...一边）2)Shesangassheworked.(随着)IV.beforei.e.1)Hemadealistofwhathewantedtobuybeforehewenttothesupermarket.Hemadealistofwhathewantedtobuybeforegoingtothesupermarket.2)Itwon’tbelongbeforehefinisheshiswriting.V.afteri.e.Afterhe(had)finishedhiswork,heleftthere.---He(had)finishedhisworkbeforehelefthere.---Afterfinishinghiswork,helefthere.---Havingfinishedhiswork,helefthere.VI.since(fromthetimethat)i.e.1)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2)Hehadworkedheresincehehadgraduatedfromtheuniversity.3)Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssincehecamehere.4)Itwas(hadbeen)twoyearssincehehadcomehere.VII.until(till),notuntili.e.1)Untilshetoldme,Ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid.2)Hedidnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercamehome.3)Itwasnotuntilhismothercamehomethathewenttobed.(强调结构)4)Notuntilhismothercamehomedidhegotobed.(倒装句）VIII.assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…wheni.e.1)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.2)Nosoonerhadshegothomethanshebegantocook.3)Hardlyhadshegothomewhenshebegantocook.IX.everytime,eachtime,themomenti.e.1)Everytime/eachtimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.2)Therewasanapplausethemoment(assoonas)sheappearedonthestage.X.bythetimei.e.1)Bythetimehearrived,thetrainhadalreadygone.2)Bythetimehecomes,wewillalreadyhaveleft.Totelluswhythingshappen.二、原因状语从句AdverbialClausesofReason二、原因状语从句AdverbialClausesofReason表示原因的状语从句可由because,since,nowthat,as,for,inthat等引导。II.since,asi.e.1)Sinceyoudonotunderstand,Iwillexplainagain.2)AsJanewastheoldestinthisfamily,shehadtolookaftertheothers.III.fori.e.---Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.---Becauseheisabsenttoday,hemustbeill.---Hemustbeillbecauseheisabsenttoday.难点讲解（一）时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),not…until,since,once,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when,everytime(eachtime),themoment,thefirsttime(thelasttime),bythetime,等引导。（一）时间状语从句1.时间状语从句中要用一般现在时（过去时）代替一般将来时（过去将来时）。i.e.I’lltellyouwhenhecomesback.比较:Whenhewillcomebackisunknowntousall.（一）时间状语从句2.when,while,as表“当...时”的异同：相同点:当从句的谓语是延续性动词时，三者常可互换i.e.When/While/Aswewerestilllaughing,theteachercamein.不同点:1)when既表“时间段”又表“时间点”(=duringoratthetimethat),从句中动词既可是终止性的，也可是持续性的，还可表“正在这时”i.e.(1).WhenIarrivedthere,theywerewatchingTV.(2).WhenIwasyoung,Ilikedsinginganddancing.(3).Wewereabouttogototownwhenitbegantorain.（一）时间状语从句3.while只表“时间段”(=duringthetimethat),从句中动词只限于持续性动词，它有时含对照之意，表“然而”i.e.(1)Hefellasleepwhilehewasstudyinghisgrammarbook.(2)Iwasreadingwhilehewasplaying.4.as用法与when相似，但它侧重动作的同时性，表“一边...一边...”，还表“随着”i.e.(1)Theytalkedastheywalked.(2)Astimegoesby,wegetwiser.（一）时间状语从句5.若表达还未“……就……”，“不到……就……”，“……才……”，“趁，还没来得及”时，需用连词before。i.e.(1)Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.我们航行了四天才看到陆地。(2)Wehadnotrunamilebeforehefelttired.我们跑了不到一英里他就累了。(3)Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁你现在还没忘记把他它记下来。（一）时间状语从句(4)BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸Attention:before从句中谓语一般不用否定形式i.e.Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.他们到火车站前，火车已开走了。Itwillbe+一段时间+beforesomebodydoes,“多久之后才……”。i.e.(1)Itwillbelongbeforeyoumasterit.你要很长一段时间才能掌握它.(2)Itwon’tbelongbeforeyoumasterit.过不了多久你就会掌握它.（一）时间状语从句6.ill,until和not…until1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必需是延续性动词，主句从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止”。i.e.(1)Heremainedthereuntilshearrived.他一直留到她来。(2)Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.你在这里呆到雨停。2)否定句：主句谓语动词必需是非延续性动词，从句是肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。i.e.Hewillnotgotobedtill(until)shereturns.3)till不可以放在句首，而until可以放在句首。i.e.UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4)not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法。i.e.(1)ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.(强调句型)(2)NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.(notuntil置于句首主句要倒装）（一）时间状语从句（一）时间状语从句7.assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when这些从属连词或副词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。还要注意nosooner…than…,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when这一结构的时态搭配：nosooner与hardly(scarcely,barely)引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when的从句中谓语应用一般过去时，此外，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。i.e.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.---HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.（二）原因状语从句中的重点和难点1.because用来回答why的问题,语气最强,一般放在主句之后i.e.IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.昨天我回来晚了,因为我班。2.since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首i.e.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。（二）原因状语从句3.as从句常放在句首,说明原因,主句说明结果,常