非谓语动词分词1.使用原则:当两个动词之间没有连词时,需要将其中一个谓语动词变为非谓语动词。[注意]:连词可以分为(1)并列连词(and,but,or)(2)从属连词(because,when,before,if等)(3)关系连词(定从,名从连接词)判断正误Isattherefeltfrustrated.()x改错1.加上并列连词Shesattherebutfeltfrustrated.2.加上从属连词Shesattherebecauseshefeltfrustrated.3.加上关系连词SheSatthere,whofeltfrustrated.4.变为非谓语动词Shesatthere,feelingveryfrustrated.现在分词形式时态/语态主动语态被动语态一般时doingBeingdone完成时HavingdoneHavingbeendone完成进行时Havingbeendoing无过去分词形式:done否定形式:在非谓语动词前加not分词意义doing:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示正在进行,状态beingdone:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示正在进行havingdone:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成;分词意义havingbeendone:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且已经完成havingbeendoing:与所修饰词构成主动关系/时态上表示发生在谓语动词之前且未完;done:与所修饰词构成被动关系/时态上表示过去或者状态;定语定语:修饰名词或者代词;前置定语:当只有一个分词时,则用前置定语(放在所修饰词之前);adevelopingcountry:发展中国家;adevelopedcountry:发达国家;注意:前置定语有时可以不考虑语态,只需考虑时态;翻译下列短语:1.正在沸腾的水;2.开水;3.落叶4.正在下落的叶子;BoilingwaterBoiledwaterFallingleavesFallenleaves后置定语:当为分词短语时;e.g.Canyouseethebuildingbeingbuilt?Therearesomeboysplayingontheground.Thisisourlibrarybuiltin1992.Doyouknowtheroadleadingtothepark._____________________________________________________注意:1).分词作定语时逻辑主语常为最近一个名词;2).有时可以用逗号将主句与分词隔开,此时逻辑主语还可以是整个主句;HeisfromUSA,surprisingusall.Hereceivesmostgifts,enviedbyotherkids.3).完成时或者完成进行时不能做定语;(不能直接用在名词之后)表语1.作用:修饰主语,位于系动词之后;说明主语的特征及状态;Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.Heisgone.Theglassisbroken.Hewaslostinthought.Theyweredeeplymoved.注意:1).分词位于系动词之后;2).逻辑主语是主句主语;3).–ing结尾的分词修饰物或者事情;-ed结尾的分词修饰人;但是如果有voice,expression,mood,eyes,look等词的时候也可以用-ed来修饰状语状语:修饰动词,位于句首,句中,句末;用逗号将其与主句分开;Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Havingthedonethework,Iwentbackhome.Hesatthere,lostinthought.Builtin1997,thelibrarylooksbeautiful.注意事项:(1)位置:分词作状语时,位于句首或者句末;(2)逻辑主语:主句主语;(3)省略句:由when,while,though,although,if,asif,evenif,before,after,unless等引导的从句中;a).如果主句主语与从句主语相同,并且从句谓语动词包括be时,则可以省去从句主语+be;Whenstudyingabroad,hestudiedhard.Ifinvitedtotheparty,Iwillgo.b).如果从句主谓是itbe时,也可省去;Iwillgoandseeif(itis)necessary.Ifso,pleasecallmerightaway.1).When________fromthetopofthemountain,Ifoundthemountainsmall.(see)2).When________fromthetopofthemountain,themountainseemedsmall.(see)3).When_________withtheearth,themountainseemedsmall.(compare)4).If__________,wewouldsucceed.(fight)seeingseencomparedfighting•_______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.•A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven.2.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury(定语)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenPractice高考点击3..________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(原因)A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose4.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(条件)A.beginsB.havingbeguC.beginningD.begun宾补作用:修饰宾语表示宾语的状态或者动作;1).介词+宾语+宾补todowith+宾语doingdone主动被动/将来主动/正在被动/过去1).Withalotofproblems___________,thepresidentwashavingahardtime.(solve)2).Withalotofproblems__________,thepresidentwashavingagoodtime.(solve)3).Withtheairplane_________(takeoff),pleasefastenyourseatbelt.4).Witheverythingheneeded________(buy),hewentoutofthesupermarket.tosolvesolvedtotakeoffbought2).动词+宾语+宾补a).使义动词sendsbdoingsthhave/keepsbdoingsthgetsthdoing(vi)get/keepsthdonegetsbdonemakeoneselfdoneb).视听动词see/watch/notice/hear/catch/find+宾语doing:与宾语构成主动关系/正在进行;done:与宾语构成被动关系/完成(状态);do:与宾语构成主动关系/整个过程beingdone:与宾语构成被动关系/正在3).状态动词+宾语+宾补;doing:主动/正在todo:主动/将来leavesb/sthdone:被动/完成或状态tobedone:被动/将来使某人或者某物处于…状态中;1.Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft_____.(06天津卷)A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied2.Hisremarksleftme______abouthisrealpurpose.A.wonderedB.wonderC.towonderD.wonderingAD3.Johnrushedoutinahurry,______thedoor_______.A.leaving,unlockedB.leaving,unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave,unlocking4.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runningB.runC.beingrunD.torunAA注意事项1).逻辑主语是宾语;2).试听动词的分词可以转化为主语补足语;Icaughthimcheating.Hewascaughtcheating.非谓语动词的解题步骤1.找连词找从句中是否有连词,如果有连词则用谓语动词,否则用非谓语动词;1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.TobetoldC.HewastoldD.Thoughhewastold分析:用连词but引导并列句子,因此,前面也是个独立句子,故选C。2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.TobetoldC.HewastoldD.Thoughhewastold分析:句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,用非谓语动词作状语。2.找逻辑主语如果没有连词,则确定用非谓语动词,首先确定逻辑主语。1).如果非谓语动词没有逗号隔开时,则逻辑主语常常为最接近一个名词;2).如果非谓语动词有逗号隔开时,则a).非谓语动词放在句首,句中时,逻辑主语为主句主语;b).非谓语动词放在句末时;主句主语;逻辑主语最接近一个名词整个主句三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分析:句1.“地球被看”,表被动,故选A,用过去分词表被动。句2.我们“主动看……”即表主动,故选B。四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。1.Thebuilding______nowwillbeagym.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbeagym.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisagym.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built分析:句1中now说明大楼正在被修,故用进行式,选C。句2中nextyear说明大楼将在明年被修,故用表将来的不定式,选B。句3中lastyear说明大楼已被修,但不能选A,因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语,故用过去分词,选D。doingtodohavingdone主动语态havingbeendoingtobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoing正在进行/状态将来①发生在谓语动词之前②已经完成①发生在谓语动词之前②已经未完特定结构中donebeingdone被动动语态having