Zero Translation零翻译

ZeroTranslation•Interlingualtranslationispossiblebecausethesimilaritiesbetweenlanguagesaremuchgreaterthanthedifferences.Translatabilitybetweentwolanguagesservesasthetheoreticalbasisoftranslation.This,however,doesnotmeanthatnodifferencesexistbetweenlanguages.Theconceptof“zerotranslation”isintroducedbothasatranslationstrategyforovercomingtheunbridgeabledifferencesbetweenlanguages,andasameansofsafeguardingthegeneralvalidityoftranslatabilityasthetheoreticalcornerstoneoftranslation.•杜争鸣introducestheconceptZeroTranslation,althoughhenamesitas不译:Because不译istheoppositeoftranslationandbecausetranslationmeanstranslatingmeaning,transliterationisakindof不译.Besides不译alsomeanstransferringtheoriginalformintoTT.由于不译是翻译的反面，而翻译就是翻译意义，所以音译词就是不译。然而，不译还可以是源语形式完全照搬。•邱慰如introducesZeroTranslationagainstuntranslatabilty:ZTisakindoftranslationinwhichwordsinthesourcetext(ST)renderedintothetargettext(TT)withoutemployingwordsreadilyavailableinTT,thatistosay,forZT,1)somewordsinSTaredeliberatelynotrenderedintoTT,and2)wordsreadilyavailableinTTarenotusedtorenderthecorrespondingwordsinST.就是不用的语中现成的词语译出源语中的词语，这里包含两层意思:1)源文中的词语故意不译;2)不用的语中现成的词语译源文的词语。•刘明东：绝对零翻译(AbsoluteZeroTranslation,AZT)and相对零翻译relativeZeroTranslationRZT,Motivationofzerotranslationlinguisticdifferenceeg.有人叫你去时,你回答说“来了”,字面上用的是过去时,译为英语却成了“I’mcoming”;中国人问人姓名用的“请教大名”绝对不能译为Pleaseteachmeyourgreatname1而只能译为MayIknow(或ask或have)yourname?或What’syourname,please?Motivationofzerotranslationculturaldifferenceeg.由于文化背景不同,有时对于不同社会的人,同一个词或同一种表达方式往往会具有不同的意义,而且有时还会造成语义空缺的现象。例如,邓炎昌等(1997:167)在《语言与文化》一书中就引用过这样一个故事:罗马有一家鞋店,门口挂着一个牌子,招徕懂英语的顾客。牌子上写道:Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.这个牌子引起许多懂英语的游览者的注意,他们聚在店前———不是看橱窗里所展出的商品,而是看牌子上的字,看后都哈哈大笑。店主是意大利人,会说一点英语,但他不知道streetwalker不是“逛大街的人”而是“在街头拉客的妓女”,tohaveafit也不是“试穿”,而是“勃然大怒”。过路人看了这块牌子当然感到滑稽可笑了。MotivationofzerotranslationneologismsinSLeg.英语近年来出现的新词有Clintonism,Zipgate,Euro,outplacement,dinomania,multimedia,hacker,virtualreality,drugabuse,madcowdisease,ge2neticengineering,bungeejumping等等;汉语里的新词则有“中国特色、平反、一号文件、万元户、小康、倒爷、一国两制、下海、生猛海鲜、减肥、分流、下岗、利改税、费改税、资产重组、回归、东西联动”等等。这些新词在源语中是新创的,在目的语中自然难以找到现成的对等词,在翻译中便免不了要采用“零翻译”的手法。BriefreviewofZThistory1EarlyintheTangDynasty,Xuanzang(玄奘)putsforwardhisstrategytosolvefivetoughproblemsintranslationasoftranslatingtermslikemystery,polysemy,lexicalgap,conventionalityandstyle(秘密故，含多义故，此故，古故，生善故).Insuchfiveoccasions,Xuanzang(玄奘)preferstransliterationwhichtranscribestheoriginalcharactersofSTintoTT.2TotheNorthSongDynasty,Zanning(赞宁)discussesthetechniqueofemployingtheoriginalcharactersofSTinTT.Hesays,totranslatesoundbutnottotranslatemeaning,e.g.,thecharacter（）thechestofBuddha,andtotranslateneithersoundnormeaning,e.g.,thetwocharacters（）beforethetitleofBuddhistscripturebuttocarrythemoverintoTT.(译音不译字，字音具不译3Uptothemodernhistory,thewesternwritingcharactersdonotappearinChinese,ItisnotuntilLuXun(鲁迅)writeshisfamousnovelTheTrueStoryofAh-Q(阿Q正传)thattheEnglishletterQisemployedinChinesetonametheherointhenovel.Andstilltransliteration(transcription)ispreferredintheperiodofMay4`hMovement,andverysoon,replacedbynewlycoinedChinesewords,e.g.德谟克拉西by民主，and塞恩斯by科学.ThissituationcontinuesuntilChinapursuesthepolicygaige(改革)andkaifang(开放)(thepolicyofreformandopening-to-the-outside-world).PeoplethenchangetheirideasandaregladtoacceptDifferencebetweenZTandothertranslation1ZTvs.NT2ZTvs.FormalTranslation3ZTvs.TransliterationItistruethatZTandNTarethesameinphysicalforminthissense,buttheyaredifferentfromeachotherinintellectualform.ThefollowingEnglish-Chinesetranslationisagoodexample.E:WhatdoesRabbitmean?C:Rabbit是什么意思?HereRabbitisanexampleofnon-translation,becausethereisnoneedofcommunicationforRabbitbetweenthetwolanguagesandthereisnopurposeandactoftranslationbetweenthetwoversions.Itisjustasignofword.NTdeniestranslationpurposeandneed,andrefusestranslationact.ItdoesnotfunctionascommunicationZTaimstocommunicatebetweendifferentlanguagesandcultures.Itbearsnotonlythepurposeofcross-lingualandcross-culturalcommunicationbutalsotheactofcross-lingualandcross-culturaltranslation.SoZTisacceptedastranslationandNTisrecognizedasnotranslation.ZTvs.Formal/ImageTranslation•Formaltranslationimitatestheideaofshapeordiagramoftheoriginalandthattransferencealsocopiesdiagrammaticsignoftheoriginal,butformaltranslationdoesnottransfertheoriginaldiagrammaticsignorshape.ItjustreflectsdescribingmethodsofshapeordiagrambetweenSLandTL,eitherthesameordifferent.e.g.,thesamedescription,T-squarevs.丁字尺ThedifferencebetweenZTandtransliteration,canbesummarizedas1)Inphysicalform,transliterationemploysTLcharacter,whileZTresortstoSLcharacter;2)Inintellectualform,readerscomprehendtransliterationbythinkingintargetlanguageandculture(TLC),whereasreadersrecognizeZTbythinkinginsourcelanguageandculture(SLC);3)Intranslationstrategy,transliterationreflectsthetraditionalthatisfromSLtoTL,andZTrevealsthenewinversethatisfromTLtoSL;and4)Inculturalview,transliterationtranscribesoneculturewithanother,butZTintegratesdifferentcultures.Sotransliterationisgovernedbytraditionaltranslationview,whileZTbyanewtranslationview.•Zerotra