《实用翻译教程》范仲英

翻译课程《实用翻译教程》范仲英编著外语系史汉生副教授主讲TheCurriculumDesignOfTranslationClass1.AimsThis60hourstranslationcourse(2-hourseach)willbefocusedon:Improvingthosestudents’translationunderstanding.Enhancingpersonalskillswithcommunicativeability.Trainingtheirtranslationskills2.ObjectivesMorespecificfortheaims,providingbasicteachingmethodsforwhatistobeaccomplished.A.Speakclearlyandaccuratelytothestudentswhosebehaviorsandoutlooktheyareintendedtoaffect.B.Beembracedbythecoursegroup,ideallybecause75%ofthecontentswillbethetranslationBook,25%willcomefromoutsidethebook.C.Haveclearanddirectimplicationforteaching,learningandassessmentonthe60-hourscourse.ProfessorShiwillprovidepre-test/diagnosisandtestpaperD.ActiveLearningClassa.students-centredb.groupworkorinpairsc.ITd.questionsandanswerse.casestudiesf.translationpracticeProgressPlanweekContents1第一章导论Outline2第二章什么是翻译What’stranslation?3第三章翻译的性质Thenature4第四章翻译与对等Dynamicequivalence5第五章翻译的标准Standards6第六章翻译的原则Principles7第七章谈文学翻译：形似与神似Formationandlifelike8第八章死译与活译，直译与意译Literalandfreetrans9第九章翻译症Translationsyndrome10第十章语言如何表达思想Expression11第十一章汉英语法对比Grammatical12第十二章汉英语言对比Linguistic13第十三章翻译技巧与翻译标准Skillsandstandards14第十四章翻译的过程Process15第十五章可译性问题Possibility16复习考试ReviewandexamPrefaceThetitleofprofessorFanZhongying'sbook,AnAppliedTheoryofTranslation,isbothappropriatedandfullyjustified,forthetheoryproposedinthisvolumehasbeenappliedbyFanZhongyingandhisstudentstoawidevarietyoftexts.Thisisoneoftheprincipalreasonswhythistextissobroadlyapplicabletosomanyoftheconstantlyrecurringproblemsfacedbyalltranslators.Moreover,itdemonstratesquiteclearlythattranslalationpracticewithoutanadequatetheoryproducesonlyhaphazardresults,whiletheorywithoutpracticeiscompletelysterile.Withtheinsightgainedfromexperienceandabroadknowledgeofhowlanguageswork,FanZhongyinghascombined“ruleswithreasons,”thatis,hehasshownhowrulesofthumb,,arenotenoughfortranslators.Theymustalsoknowthereasonsforsuchrules,sinceonlythencantheybeappliedwithinsightanddiscrimination.WhatmakesthisbookapracticalintroductiontotheproblemsfacedbybeginningtranslatorsistherealismwithwhichFanZhongyingevaluatesboththestrengthsandtheweaknessesoftheaveragetranslator.Moreover,thetextisrealisticaboutthelimitsoftranslatability,duetothediversitiesofcultureandthestrikingcontrastsinfigurativeexpressions.Perhapsthemostimportant-aspectofthisVolumeisthewayinwhichitdealswiththecomplexproblemofequivalencebetweenthesourceandtargettexts.FanZhongyingrightlyinsiststhatcompleteidentityofmessagesisimpossible.Onthedesignativelevelofinformativefunctiononecanonlyaimattheclosestapproximation,andingeneralitispossibletoObtainafunctionaliysatisfactorycorrespondence.Butequallyimportantandforsomeliterarygenresevenmorecrucial一isthespiritofthetext,thatnebulous,butextremelyessential,featureofthestylewhichresultsfromthecorrectanalysisandtheappropriatetreatmentoftherhetoricalpatternsintherespectivelanguages.Furthermore,onecannotfollowthepracticeofsometranslationtheorists,whoseemwillinginsomecasestosacrifice-thestyleforthesakeofcontentorthecontentforthesakeofstyle.Bothcontentandstyleareinseparablylinkedinanytext,andsuccessintranslatingmeansdealingcreativelywithbothoftheseaspectsofcommunication.FanZhongyingcandealmeaningfullywiththeproblemsofcon-tentandstylebecausehetreatscommunicationonamoreprofoundlevelthanmanybooksdealingwithtranslating.Heisconcernedwithhowlanguagesmanagetoconveyideasbymeansofparalinguisticdevices(forexample,pauses,voicequality,intonation,and1evelsofloudness)andextralinguisticaccompaniments(forexample,gesture&bodystance,andeyecontact),andhowinwrittenlanguagecertaindevicescanbeusedtocompensateforwhatisoftenlostfromoralcommunication.ThisconcernforthebroaderimplicationsofcommunicationtheoryinevitablyleadsFanZhongyingtoadetailedexaminationofsomeoftheprincipalstructuraldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishandtoalistingofwaysinwhichtranslatorscaneffectivelybridgethestructuralgapsbetweenthetwolanguages.ThistextmakesnoattempttotouchonalltheproblemwhichtranslatorsmustfaceintranslatingfromEnglishtoChineseorfromChinesetoEnglish---suchanattemptwouldbehopelesslyimpossible.Whatitdoesdoistopointtranslatorsintherightdirectionbygivingtheminsightastohowtogoaboutthetaskthroughtheapplicationofsoundlinguisticprinciplestothecomplexproblemswhichtheymustfaceinanyandalltypesoftranslating.EugeneA.Nida第一章导论随着当今世界政治、经济、文化交往日益频繁,世界科技发展日新月异,翻译工作的重要性越来越清楚地显示出来。从事各种语言翻译的人数也在不断增加。为了提高翻译质量,做好翻译工作,有必要对翻译的规律作一番研究和探讨。研究翻译特点,总结翻译经验:找出其内在的固有的规律,以指导翻译实践,这就是翻译理论所要解决的课题。1.1翻译的目的翻译课的目的就是培养和提高学生的实际翻译能力,也就是把原语所表达的信息材料,用译语重新表达出来,并达到较高的翻译质量如果不考虑译者本身的翻译能力,即有无翻译经验及掌握与运用翻译技巧的程度,决定翻译质量的因素有四个:外语水平、汉语水平、知识水平和工作态度。1.外语水平翻译是用两种语言进行的语言活动。译者必须通晓两种语言(本族语和外语),方能从事翻译工作。译者外语水平如何,对于译文质量起着关键性的作用。在外汉翻译时,外语的重要性主要体现在理解上。外语水平不高极易出现对原文信息理解不深不透,或是只了解表面含义,而对深层、隐晦的寓意则未能理解,甚至还可能出现理解错误。由于理解错误而导致的错译,是翻译最大的也是最常见的错误。对于原文信息理解肤浅或理解错误,就不可能正确地完整地把原文信息重新表达出来,这样的翻译当然也就起不到传意作用。因此,理解是前提。没有这个前提,一切就无从谈起。在汉外翻译时,外语的重要性主要体现在表达上。理解了原文但表达不出来,或表达不确切,与原意出入较大,或在遣词造句方面不符合译文语言的习惯,译文读者看起来觉得别扭、费解、甚至不知所云,这样的翻译同样起不到应有的作用。2.汉语水平做为一个翻译工作者本国语文水平如何也非常重要。在汉外翻译上具有一定汉语水平能保证对原文理解正确透彻。但一