情态动词专项练习BySteven1.mustYoumustcomeintime.1)表示必须、必要。是说话人的主观看法在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).--Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?--Yes,youmust.--No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.1.must–You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.2)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1.(13江西)There’sonlyonedaytoGo.You___finishyourworkbyTomorrow.A.canB.willC.mustD.may2.(11江苏)FiftydollarsforaT-Shirt!You___bejoking!A.mustB.needC.mayD.canMightandmay1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)•用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!1.(13河北)___IseeyourIDcard,sir?Wehavetocheckyourinformation.A.MayB.MustC.ShouldD.Need3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。•might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.2.(11安徽)–MayIgooutnow,Dad?-No.You___letyourmotherknowFirst.A.canB.mayC.needD.must3.(13年湖北)–MustIgotherewithYou?--No,you___.David___gotherewithyou.A.mustn’t;canB.can’t;mustC.don’t;shouldD.needn’t;may三、can,couldCanyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)Canyouskate?(技能)1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。•此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.•当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。如:Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.2)表示请求和允许。•-----CanIgonow?•-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)3)表推测可能性。肯定句中:can表示理论上的可能性;may表示事实上的可能性,如:InYuyao,sometimesitcanbereallycold.Tommaygocampingwithustomorrow,butheisnotsure.否定句和疑问句中,只能用can表猜测可能性。Someoneisknockingatthedoor,andwhocanitbe?Itcan’tbeTombecausehehasgonetoBeijing.1.(13北京)--__yousinganEnglishsong?--Yes,IcanA.CanB.MayC.MustD.Need2.(13福建)--IsthatgirlSusan?--It___beher.SheleftforBeijingyesterday.A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’t四、shall1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?shallIcleantheroomforyou?•2)shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。•1.Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)•2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)•3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)五.should1)表示“应该”,常用来表示劝告、建议;认为“某人应该做某事”或“有义务责任做某事”。Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.Youshouldn‘twatchTVeveryday。Youshouldn’thavemadethiskindofsillymistakes.Tomshouldhavebroughthisreporttoday.这时它可以和oughtto,besupposedto互换使用2)Should(oughtto)表示推测时,是指有一定根据的推测,意为“可能、该”•---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrow,•---They____bereadyby12:003.表示惊讶的语气•Youcanneverimaginesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.1.(11浙江)Schools__allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.wouldB.mightC.should2.(13江苏)--___IdothelaundryFirst,Mum?--No,you___.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Must;mustn’tB.Can;mustn’tC.Must;needn’tD.May;needn’t’六:will和would1)表示意志或意愿:决心,愿意,……•Wewilldoourbesttosavethechild.我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。•Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn’tlisten.我叫她别哭,可她就是不愿听。2)表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时,用Wouldyou…?比用Willyou…?更婉转。如:•Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?请让门开着好吗?•Will/Wouldyougowithme?你愿意和我一起去吗?相关情态动词•wouldlike表示愿意Iwouldliketohaveawordwithyou.我想同你说句话。•wouldrather…than…宁愿……也不愿……Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。七。need•1.need作情态动词无人称或数的变化,后接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中。•如:Youneedn‘tworry.你不必担心•Ineedn’thavebroughttheraincoatwithmeinsuchasunnydayyesterday.2.由need引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或haveto;否定答语常用needn't.如:•—NeedIanswerthequestion?我需要回答那个问题吗?—Yes,youmust.---Yes,youhaveto.是的,你必须回答。---No,youneedn't./youdon’thaveto不,不必了。由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don'thaveto。如:•—MustIdotheworknow?我必须现在干这个活吗?—Yes,youmust/haveto.---No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.Need做行为动词•Needsth•Needtodosth•Needdoing=needtobedone表被动•否定:don’tneed八:dare敢•通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中Dareyouaskhim?你敢问他吗?Shedarenotgooutalone.她不敢单独出去。Idon’tknowwhetherhedaretry.我不知道他敢不敢试。注意:•1.有过去式dared。如:Noonedaredspeakofit.没有人敢提及此事。2.Howdareyou/he/she/they…?表示说话人对某人的行为表示愤慨。如:Howdareyouaskmesuchaquestion?你怎敢问我这样的问题?3.Idaresay表示“我相信,我认为,可能”。如:Idaresayyouareright.我认为你是对的作行为动词:可用于各种句子中;在疑问句或否定句中,to经常被省略。如•Didanyonedare(to)admitit?有人敢于承认吗?Hedidnotdare(to)leavehiscarthere.他不敢把车停放在那里。IfhedarestoshowupatherhouseI’llbesurprised.如果他敢出现在她的房子里,我会感到吃惊。注意点一:•表推测可能性:must,can,may,might,can’t,couldn’t•--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.•--it____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowwhere.二、表推测的用法•1.musthavedone过去肯定做了某事Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.不存在mustn‘thavedone的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用can(could)来表示.例如:Hecan'thavemissedtheway.Idrewhimamap.“Thedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocouldhavetakenit?”may/mighthavedone•Ican‘tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。•Johnmay/mightnothavepassedtheexam;helooksverysad.约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。3.can/couldhavedone表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中,表示不相信或怀疑的态度。•Can/Couldhehavepassedtheexam?他可能通过了考试吗?•Ithinkthathecouldn’t/can'thavegoneabroad.Isawhimjustnow.我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。