常见的字母与字母组合发音规则Ⅰ元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母的发音(一)元音字母a1.重读开音节[ei]late;make;lake;face2.重读闭音节[æ]bag;fat;cat;(*例外:any一些[e];many许多[e])3.非重读音节[ə]或[i]即:[ə]——ChinaCanada[i]——village;orange*连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属后一个音节段。如上的village.4.在字母w或wh后面,发[ɔ:]what;want;(例外:water水[ɔ:])5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath;-aph;-af;-asp组合里,重读时均发[a:]即:dance;France;ask;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;(*例外:mass[æ])fast;past;last;father;path;bath;——(*例外:maths[æ])graphaftergrasp(二)元音字母e1.重读开音节[i:]me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节[e]hen;get;tell;red3.非重读音节[i]ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;[ə]hundredstudentopen(三)元音字母i1.重读开音节[ai]hi;China;time;2.重读闭音节[i]sit;hit;ill;little;3.非重读音节[i]unit;[ə]holidaybeautiful(四)元音字母o1.重读开音节[əu]no;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节[ɔ]not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节[ə]purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发[ʌ]come;some;son;ton;(*例外:Tom[ɔ])love;glove;above;anothermother;brother;*5.两个单词:woman[‘wu-mən]女人(单数);women[‘wi-min]女人(复数)(五)元音字母u1.重读开音节[ju:]pupil;student;use;cube*在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音,例如:Junebluerulersuper2.重读闭音节[ʌ]或[u][ʌ]——us;bus;mum;sun[u]——put;full;pull3.非重读音节[ə]autumn;August;support半元音字母y的发音字母y一般有三种发音:*放在词首的发/j/:yes;yellow*在单音节词中(重读开音节)发/ai/:my;try*在大多数双音节词中(非重读音节)发/i/:study●元音字母组合的拼读规则(一)元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中[ei]rain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday3.al+绝大多数辅音字母[ɔ:]small;wall;call;或[ɔ:l]also;always*al后面是k时,只发[ɔ:]talk;walk;chalk*al+f或m时,al发[a:]half;calm*-al在词尾非重读[(ə)l]medal;metal;(例外canal运河,重音在后[æl])4.-ance在重读时[a:ns]chance;dance;France*在非重读时[əns]importance;performance;ambulance5.-ant非重读[ənt]assistant;important;peasant6.-ange一般[eindʒ]change;danger;strange;(*但orange[indʒ]例外)7.-age一般[idʒ]village;carriage;marriage8.-ask一般重读时[a:sk]ask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重读时[a:s]class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass[æ]例外)10.-ast一般重读时[a:st]last;past;fast;cast*-aste一般[eist]waste;paste;taste11.-ath一般[a:θ]bath;path;(但maths[æθ]例外)*或[a:ð]father;rather;(gather[æð]例外)12.-au一般[ɔ:]cause;autumn;August;(*但because[ɔ])*-augh(t)[ɔ:(t)]taught;daughter(*例外:laugh[la:f])13.-aw[ɔ:]draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面,a发[ɔ]was;wash;want;what;(*但water[ɔ:]15.-ar重读音时[a:]party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star*在字母w或音[w]后面时[ɔ:]war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter*在非重读音时[ə]beggar;dollar;solar16.-are一般[εə]hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般[εə]chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able一般[eibl]able;cable;table;stable(二)元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:*大多数发/i:/:meat;teacher;read;please*有的发/e/:head,bread;read(过去式);breakfast,peasant*还有的发/ei/:great;break(小学英语中只有这两个单词)*-ea[iə]:real;really2.-ee[i:]feel;week;keep;three;treet;see*但是一个例外:coffee[i]3.-eer[iə]deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer4.-er重读音节[ə:]her;term;service;Germany*非重读[ə]worker;paper;western;teacher特殊读法[a:]clerk5.-ere[iə]here;mere-ere或者发[εə]there;where6.-ear有三种音,分别是:*-ear[iə]ear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear[ə:]early;earth;learn;heard*-ear[a:]heart*但tear作为动词时,发[εə]7.-ei[ei]eight;weigh;weight*-ei[ai]height*-ei[i:]receive8.-ey重读[ei]they;hey;survey*-ey重读[i:]key*-ey非重读[i]monkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重读[it]pocket;ticket;rocket9.-ew一般[ju:]new;few;knew*-ew或者发[u:]grew;threw*-ew还可以发[əu]sew10.-ege[idʒ]college11.-est[ist]biggest;happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d]lived;studied*-ed在清音后[t]worked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;needed(三)元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发[i:],如:thief;field;piece;achieve;*-ie在词尾[ai]lie;die;tie2.-ir在重读音节[ə:]girl;first;third;circle3.-ire在重读音节[‘aiə]fire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)]high;night;light;bright5.-ild[aild]child;wild6.-ind[aind]find;kind;mind;wind;(*但window[ind])7.-ing[iŋ]king;wing;sing;doing;making8.-(a)tion[(ei)ʃn]nation;pronunciation;information;*-stion[tʃn]question*-sion[ʃn]或[ʒn]mission使命;precision精密9.-ye在词尾[ai]good-bye;bye-bye10.-ist[ist]例:list;fist;(四)元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时[əu]boat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音时[ɔ:]例:blackboard;2.-oi,-oy在重音时[ɔi]*-oy例:boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi例:boy;toy;joy;loyal3.-oo一般[u:]too;zoo;room;noon;moon;soon;*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时,常发短音。如classroom[u]…等。*在字母k或有时在t,d之前时[u]look;book;cook;foot;boot;good;(food例外);4.-or在重音时[ɔ:]for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面[ə:]work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外,均发[ɔ:])*-or在非重音时[ə]monitor;doctor;professor;forget;5.-oar一般[ɔ:]board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般[ɔ:]或在美式英语里发[ɔə]door;floor*-oor还发[uə]poor7.-ore在重音时[ɔ:]snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般[au]shout;loud;round;found*-ou还发[ʌ]country;trouble*-ou还发[u:]wound;wounded9.-ough(t)发[ɔ:(t)]ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外:cough[kɔf])10.-oe[əu]toe;hoe;Joe11.-old[əuld]old;hold;cold;told12.-ost[əust]post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost[ɔst])13.-our在重音时[au]our;hour;sour;*还发[ɔ:]four;course;pour*还发[uə]tour;gourd*-our在词尾(非重音)[ə]colour;neighbour;favourite14.-ow在重音时[au]now;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中[əu]low;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;know;show(五)元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前,或者在字母b,p或f之后,均发[u]如:full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节,u发[u:]rule;true;blue;June2.-ue在词尾[ju:]argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时,发[u:]fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面,或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]如:build;biscuit;guilty4.-ur在重音时[ə:]turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音时[ə]surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音时[(j)uə]pure[juə];sure[uə