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------新概念第一册语法――时态一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时（一）一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。1．含有be动词的句子：Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?★变否定句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.2.不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子（１）第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原形Doeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t,动词变为原形Hedoesn’tlikebooks.Shedoesn’tlikehim.Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.★肯定回答及否定回答：------Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’tYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。（２）其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.★变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Wehavesomemeat.Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.Youdon’twanttohaveabath.Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.Wedon’thaveanymeat.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t.Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.（二）现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词＋其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Areyouhavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?------★变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Heisnotreadingabook.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?★(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词：see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时（三）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,１.含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutcher’s.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’s?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★变否定句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher’s.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.------★特殊疑问句：Whatdidyoudo?２.不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原形Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.（四）现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法：１.表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）２.询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?------Haveheseenthefilm?３.表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.４.表示一种经历，经验：去过⋯地方，做过⋯事情，经历过⋯事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.（人还在那里）５.表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化：★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.Haveyoulostyourpen?★肯定回答及否定回答Ihavenotlostmypen.Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：IhaveleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.（五）一般将来时------１.表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?★变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.★特殊疑问句：Whatwillyoudo?２.Begoingto结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事★结构：主语+be动词+goingto+动词原形Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?★变否定句在be动词后面加not------Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.★特殊疑问句Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?（六）过去完成时：Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。★变疑问句将助动词移到