微型棚室自走式旋耕机的设计

微型棚室自走式旋耕机的设计-1-摘要本文在分析小型棚室旋耕机的结构组成和工作原理的前提下，介绍说明了小型棚室旋耕机的设计原则和设计步骤。并根据设计原则的要求，首先选择了小型棚室耕机的类型，确定小型棚室耕机的耕幅、传动型式、刀轴转速,离合器工作的选择等内容。然后具体设计了小型棚室旋耕机的传动装置——包括齿轮箱的结构设计、关键零件的强度校核、耕深调节装置和工作部件总成的设计。其中齿轮箱的设计是本次设计中的主要内容，它包含了大量的工作：资料的整理，参数的设定，相关计算，绘图等。此小型旋耕机主要是采用小型的柴油机和齿轮链轮多级变档传动，旋耕部件取代了驱动轮的行走作用。该旋耕机具有体积小、结构简单、重量轻、操作灵活、碎土性能好，生产率高等优点。这种旋耕机的试制成功，将会大大的降低农民的劳动强度，从而提高劳动生产率；同时可以降低蔬菜的生产成本。关键词：旋耕机；自走式；旋耕刀；微型棚室自走式旋耕机的设计-2-AbstractAfteranalyzingthecomponentsandprinciplesofPloughingmachineofsmall-scaletenttype,thethesisintroducestheprincipleofdesignandtheprocedureofPloughingmachineofsmall-scaletenttype.Accordingtotheplan,thethesischoosesPloughingmachineofsmall-scaletenttype,confirmstheirploughs,theconnectionanddispositionmethodwiththeselectedtractor,transmissionpattern,rotationspeechofcuttershift,theselectionofcard-link,etc.ThenrotarytillePloughingmachineofsmall-scaletenttypegearingisdesignedconcretely,whichincludesoveralldesignofgearcasestrengthcalculationofmainparts,thedesignandchoiceofploughdepthlimitingdeviceandworkingpart.ThedesignofGearCaseisthemainpointofthethesis,whichneedslotsofwork,datasorting,thechoiceofparameterandrelevantcalculationanddrawingetc.Thisrotarycultivatoradoptsminitypedieselengineandmultilevelchangeablespeedtransmissionpassingbygearsandsprocketwheels,rotarytillagepartsreplacethedrivingwheel.Therearesomeadvantagesabouttheminityperotarycultivator,suchas:smallcubage,simplyconstruction,lightweight,flexibilityoperation,scrapingthesoilperfectly,highlyproductivityandsoon.Itwilldecreasethelaborhoursandintensityofthepeasantsbyalongway,thereforeimprovingtheproductivityandthemoreimportantistoreduceproductcostaboutthevegetables.Keywords:rotarycultivator;rotaryblade;thebreadthoffurrow;微型棚室自走式旋耕机的设计-3-目录摘要................................................................................................................................-1-Abstract..........................................................................................................................-2-目录................................................................................................................................-3-1引言.............................................................................................................................-4-1.1研究的目的和意义..........................................................................................-5-1.2国内外发展现状..............................................................................................-6-2总体方案却确定.........................................................................................................-8-2.1旋耕机整体参数的选择..................................................................................-9-2.1.1旋耕机类型的选择..............................................................................-9-2.1.2旋耕机耕幅的确定............................................................................-10-2.1.3旋耕机的刀轴转速选定....................................................................-11-2.2旋耕机工作原理...........................................................................................-11-3旋耕刀的参数设计...................................................................................................-12-3.1刀辊的设计....................................................................................................-12-3.1.1刀轴及其传动....................................................................................-12-3.1.2旋耕刀的方案确定............................................................................-12-3.2旋耕刀的运动参数设计...............................................................................-15-3.2.1旋耕刀片的运动分析.........................................................................-16-3.2.2旋耕刀片的结构参数设计.................................................................-18-3.2.3旋耕刀片的选材.................................................................................-19-3.3刀辊轴的强度计算........................................................................................-20-3.3.1刀辊轴结构确定..............................................................................-20-3.3.2刀辊轴的设计计算说明..................................................................-21-4结论...........................................................................................................................-22-参考文献......................................................................................................................-23-致谢..............................................................................................................................-25-微型棚室自走式旋耕机的设计-4-1引言旋耕机，亦称旋转耕作机、旋耕犁，是一种以拖拉机为行走和作业动力，靠一组安装于水平轴上的弯刀回转来实现土壤耕耘作业的农机具，其耕作原理示意图见下图。刀片作业时，首先将土垡切下，随后向后抛出，土垡撞击到旋耕机罩壳和挡土板落回地面，能一次完成耕耙作业。它的耕作部件为旋耕刀辊,是由多把旋耕刀在刀轴上按螺旋线排列而成,。旋耕机切土、碎土能力强，一次旋耕能够达到一般犁耙作业几次的碎土效果，耕后地表平整、松软，能满足精耕细作要求，且缩短工序间隔，有利于抢农时抗旱保墒，减少拖拉机进地次数，减轻对土壤压实，减少能源消耗，降低作业成本，减少机具投资，提高机具利用率，加之近年来国内还田技术和免耕少耕技术的推广应用，旋耕机得到了迅猛发展，已成为拖拉机的主要配套机具之一。旋耕机于19世纪中叶问世以来，得到了迅速发展和推广使用。日本二战之后为了尽快恢复经济发展,引进旋耕机用于农业生产。但是由于日本大多为水田,直角形旋耕刀不适宜于进行水田耕作。一大批日本学者开始致力于水田用旋耕刀的研究,如吉田富穗、松尾昌树、坂井纯等人研制出了旋耕弯刀,成功地解决了刀轴缠草等问题。