标准法规与汽车工业发展的关系

Mr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page1VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsStandardsandregulationsformotorvehiclesandtheireffectsontheautomotiveindustryVolkswagenGroupChina/Mr.Fengxingye/Mr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page2VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsOverview•HistoricalReview•Today‘sSituationofLegislationandApprovalSystems•InfluencesofRegulations•SummaryMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page3VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsHistoricalReview-Germany–In1909/1910nationwideMotorVehicleRegulationsbeganinGermany1909-1910•Motorvehicleshadtobeequippedwithbrakes,steering,lights,preventionofunauthorizeduse,reversegear,hornandothers•Environmentalquestionswerealsoconsidered:Riskoffireandexplosion,annoyanceofpersonsandhorse-drawnvehiclesMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page4VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsEuropeanUnion•1974,1992EC74/297,91/662-SteeringWheelDisplacement=ImprovementsofInteriorEC74/297,91/662–=•1977,2000EC77/541,2000/3-SafetyBelts&RestraintSystems=ImprovementsofOccupantProtectionEC77/541,2000/3–=•1996EC94/12-EmissionsofMotorVehicles,EUROII=CatalyticConverterEC94/12–,2=•1998EC96/79-FrontalImpactandEG96/27-SideImpact=AdvanceinOccupantProtectionEC96/79–EG96/27–=•HistoricalReview-EU–Mr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page5VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsUSA•1966EmissionStandardsCreatedinCalifornia=ReductionofEmissions=•1971FMVSS208OccupantProtection=BasicStandardonOccupantRestraintSystemsFMVSS208=•1976FMVSS105HydraulicandElectricBrakeSystems=BasicStandardonBrakingFMVSS105=•1993FMVSS214-SideImpact=OccupantProtectioninSideCollisionFMVSS214–=HistoricalReview-USA–Mr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page6VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandards•EU–Directive•US–Regulations•UN-ECE-Agreementof1958andGlobalAgreementof199819581998Today‘sSituationofLegislationandApprovalSystemsMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page7VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsEuropeanUnion•EUFrameworkDirectivestartedin1970withDirectivesforMotorVehicles1970•ReductionofTradeBarriers,CreationofCommonMarket,•ImplementationofCommonTransportPolicy(SafetyandEnvironment)()•Todaymorethan50separatedirectivesexist,ECERegulationsareaccceptedasequivalent50,ECELegislationandApprovalSystemsinEUMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page8VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsOrganizationofEUApprovalauthorities•ApprovalauthorityaspartofMinistry•OfficialApprovalauthoritysupervisedbytheMinistry(GermanFederalMotorTransportAuthority–KBAðMinistryofTransport)-KBAð•AdministrativeBodysupervisedbytheMinistryLegislationandApprovalSystemsinEUMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page9VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsuUSCleanAirActof1963,startofemissionregulationsbyEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)1963EPAEPA-uUSSafetyActof1966basisforthesafetyregulations1966•Self-Certificationbythecarmanufacturer•Documentationthatthecarcompliestoallregulations•ContinuousinspectionofcarsandcomponentsbyNHTSA,NationalHighwayTrafficandSafetyAdministration-NHTSA,•ProductliabilitybecauseofdifferentlegalsystemintheUSuCAFE(CorporateAverageFuelEfficiency)wasfirstissuedin1975,whichspecifytherequirementsforfuelconsumptionofmotorvehicles.CAFE()1975RegulationsandCertificationSystemsinUSAMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page10VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandards•InitiationbytheUSCongressanditsmembers•AuthorizationforNHTSA,EPAtocreate“Regulations“NHTSAEPA•Research&evaluationbyNHTSA,EPA-decisionthataregulationmaybeneededNHTSAEPA•NoticeofProposalRulemaking–NPRM,publicationintheFederalRegister-NPRM•Publishingthedevelopmentprocess=FinalRule=DevelopmentprocessofUSRegulationsMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page11VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandards•Leadtimewithphase-inscenario•Evaluationofcosteffectivnessoftheproposedregulation•Flexibility,possibleexemptionsforsmall-volumemanufacturer•Hightransparencyinpublic,involvementofinterestedpartiespossibleMaincharacteristicsoftheUSregulationsystemMr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page12VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandards•SignedinGenevain19581958•ImplementsTypeApprovalandMutualRecognitionofapprovalformotorvehicleequipments&partsforcountriesapplyingaparticularECERegulationECE•46contractingparties(statusat29thofSeptember,2006)worldwideincludingtheEU,Thailand,AustraliaandSouthAfrica462006929UN/ECEAgreementof19581958Mr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page13VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandardsAimsandFunctioning•AdministrationbyWP29-„WorldForumforHarmonisationofVehicleRegulations“WP29-“”•Technicalpreparationbysixworkinggroups(passivesafety,generalsafety,braking/handling,environmental/energy,noise,lighting)//•Over110ECERegulationstocoverallaspectsofvehicledesign110ECE•OpentoallcountriesinterestedUN/ECEAgreementof19581958Mr.Fengxingye2006.10.25page14VOLKSWAGENGroupChinaHomologationLobbyStandards•EnteredintoforceinAugust2000,Chinaismember20008•UsestheworkingstructureofWP29WP29•Concentratesontechnicalquestions•Prescribeshighlevelofrequirements,takingintoaccountspecificeconomicandclimaticsituationsofregions•CertificationandmutualrecognitioninprocessGlobalAgreementof