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高中英语语法复习专题英语句子概论英语句子成分&句子类型MembersofaSentence&TypesofSentences什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!2020/2/253句子的组成成分叫句子成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语(subject)谓语(predicate\verb)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。1.句子的成分学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。•一）主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,•由名、代、数、不定式、动名词、短语或句子来充当。•通常位于句首。Animalsalsohaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whethertheywillcomeornotdependsontheweather.名词代词数词todo不定式动名词句子（主语从句）•二）谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样•由动词或动词词组充当,位于主语后。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994.Helaughedathisclassmates.三）宾语表示动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受着通常位于及物动词和介词后面。•Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.•Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.•Doyoumindopeningthewindow?•Givemefourplease.•Hewantstodreamanicedream.•Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.•Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.名词n代词pron动名词代词和数词todo不定式句子介宾结构：名词•Myfatherisaprofessor.•Who'sthat?It'sme.•Everythinghereisexpensive.•Thematchbecameveryexciting.•Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.•Threetimesfiveisfifteen.•Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.•Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.名词n代词pron形容词adj-ing形式的adj介词短语数词todo不定式句子四）表语说明主语的性质、特征或状态，位于系动词之后。五）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等词性表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirststudenttoentertheclassroom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Tomisaboywholikesmusicverymuch.（adj.形容词）（分词）（n.名词）（pron.代词）（todo不定式）（动名词）（介词短语）（定语从句）六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。通常由副词，介词短语和从句充当．状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。•Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.•Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.•Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.•We'llsendacartofetchyou.•Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones。•Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.•Ifhegoes,sowillI.•Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.地点状语时间状语原因状语目的状语结果状语伴随状语条件状语让步状语七）宾语补足语：英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，对宾语进行适当地补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。•Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.•Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.•Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.•Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.•Isawhimgoingupstairs.•Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.名词形容词介词短语todo不定式现在分词doingdone过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语的复合结构八）其他成分同位语（从句）:对其前面的名词、代词做进一步解释.ThatisMr.Chen,ourEnglishteacher.China,ourmotherland,isbecomingstronger.Thefactthathetoldalietohismomsurprisedus.•句子成分练习题(一)•(一).指出下列句中的主语•①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.•②Thereisanoldmancominghere.•③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.•④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.•(二)选出句中谓语的中心词•①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.•A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall•②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.•A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer•③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?•A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus•④Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?•A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast•⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.•A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework•⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.•A.wantB.totellC.youD.is•⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.•A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor•⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.•A.isB.interestedC.inD.music•⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?•A.giveB.didC.whomD.book•(三)挑出下列句中的宾语•①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.•②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.•③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.•④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?•⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.Howaboutyou?•⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.•⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.•⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.•⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.•⑩Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.•(四)挑出下列句中的表语•①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.•②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?•③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.•④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.•⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.•(五)挑出下列句中的定语•①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.•②Whatisyourgivenname?•③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.•④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.•⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.•⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!•(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语•①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.•②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.•③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.•④TheycallmeLilysometimes.•⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.•⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?•(七)挑出下列句中的状语•①Therewasabigsmileonherface.•②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.•③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.•④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.•⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.•⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.•⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.•⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.•(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语•①Pleasetellusastory.•②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.•③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.•④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.•⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?句子成份综合练习1、Youshouldstudyhard.2