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1中考—名词性从句主语从句主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如：Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是一本书。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2）if和whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。（4）whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主语从句）（＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.）Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（让步状语从句）（＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.）it构成的主语从句（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem,appear,becertain,beapity,beawonder,beone'shope,belikely等词或短语时。Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：2ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.（主语从句，有that，无逗号）Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.（定语从句，无that，有逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。用于Itissuggested/required/ordered/demandedthat...句型中,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略。例如:Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.你应该花更多的时间学习英语。（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构1.Itisafact（agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews…）that…如：It'sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2.Itisnecessary（clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely…）that…需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。如：Itisnecessarythatyou（should）masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握电脑。ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要。It'sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明显，他们急需援助。Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.飓风很可能马上就要到达了。3.Itisreported（well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/ordered…）that…如：Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了。4.Itseems（happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/…）that…如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。TheForeignMinistersaid,________ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis句式用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：Itissaidthat...据说……Itisreportedthat...据报导……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……Itisannouncedthat...据宣布……Itisbelievedthat...人们相信……Itisthoughtthat...人们认为……Itisunderstoodthat...自不待言……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认……否定转移1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定3词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.(否定状语manyweeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。主语从句练习1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what3.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where4.hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter5.wastoreturntoschool.A.ThatreallyinterestedhimB.WhatreallyinterestedhimC.WhichreallyinterestedhimD.Thatinteresthimreally6.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever7._______hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How8.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere9.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggray.4A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when10.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave11.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it12.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for13._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It14._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have15.Itmatterslittle_____amandies,but____mattersmuchis____helives.A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that16.____shecouldn'tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that17.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondiox