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中考定语从句精讲一、定语从句的概念（参照行知先下P118127）在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系词的三个作业：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1.Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.先行词定语从句主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam2.Thewoman(whoyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.先行词定语从句主句:ThewomanisourEnglishteacher3.Ashoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop.从句的主语：which4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句：Thebookisonthedesk从句的主语:you从句的宾语：that引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.主语Ilostthebook((that/which)yougaveme).宾语三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:1.）who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.（做宾语）Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.（做主语）ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)2.）whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,指物，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar____________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents________________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5）Thehouse__________weliveinisveryold.6）Thosearetheshoes__________Ilostlastweek.7）Thatistheman__________foundmyhandbag.8）Lucycan’teatfood__________haschocolateinit.9）Thecar__________myuncleboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。例如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague=onwhich(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。例如:Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago=Inwhich(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。例如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate？I.单项填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.weliveinⅡ.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Ital