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1MODULE5第三课时虚拟语气讲解一、语气的分类语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。(1)陈述语气(indicativemood),表示所说的话是事实。(2)祈使语气(imperativemood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。(3)虚拟语气(subjunctivemood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈述语气。例如：Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillgoforapicnic.虚拟条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。从句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）主语+should/would/might/could动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/might/could+have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设①If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）；②should＋动词原形；③wereto＋动词原形主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：(1)IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.(2)IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：(3)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.(4)Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.3.与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句的例句：(5)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.2(6)Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.(7)Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.三、if虚拟条件句型注意点：(1)错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeintrouble.如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，这是应把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去进行倒装。①IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.②Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.③IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.④Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?四、虚拟语气特殊句型：1.Wish的宾语从句(1)IwishIwereabird.（现在）(2)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）(3)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）2.Wouldrather+Clause(1)Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(2)Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(3)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.3.asif/though+Clause(1)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.现在：过去时（were）过去：过去完成时将来：过去将来时，即：would/could/might+V.现在：过去时过去：过去完成时将来：过去时现在：过去时过去：过去完成时将来：过去将来时3(2)Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.(3)HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheU.S.A.◆注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生或是事实，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.4.It’s(about/high)time+thatIt’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，四个要求。即:①insist②order,command③advise,suggest,propose,recommend④demand,require,request,desire◆这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词要使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。(1)WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.(2)HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.(3)Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.(4)Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.【注意】若suggest作“表明，暗示”将时不用虚拟语气；insist表示“坚持认为”讲，也不用虚拟语气。例如：(1)Hisexpressionsuggestedhewasangry.(2)Heinsistedthathehadnothingtodowithit.◆以上动词相应的名词order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词要使用(should)+动词原形。6.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有：with、without和butfor。(1)Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)(2)Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.(=ifIhadn’tgotyourhelp)(3)Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.(=ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp)7.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：过去时should+V.(2)我们该去睡了(1)你该走了4(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(2)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.7.Ifonly…要是就好了(1)IfonlyIknewhisname!(2)Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!(3)IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!8.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+thatClause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形(1)Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.(2)Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.(3)It’snecessarythatwe(should)studyhard.六、习题1．Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he______bythen.A．mightgetB．mighthavegotC．gotD．hadgot2．IfI______outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.A．didn'trunB．shouldn'trunC．haven'trunD．hadn'trun3．IfI______you，Iwouldn'treturnthecall．A．beB．amC．wasD．were4．______today，hewouldgettherebyFriday．A．WouldheleaveB．WasheleavingC．WerehetoleaveD．Ifheleaves5．Withoutyourhelp，we______somuch．A．willnotachieveB．didn'tachieveC．don'tachieveD．wouldnothaveachieved6．Ifhe______thestorekeeper'sscissors,hewouldhaveforgottentobuyapair．A．wouldnotseenB．hadnotseenC．hadseenD．hasseen7．Butforwater，it______impossibletoliveinthedesert．A．isB．wasC．wereD．wouldn'tbe8．______it______foryourhelp，Icouldn'thavemadeanyprogress．A．Had；notbeenB．Should；notbeenC．Did；notbeenD．Not；be9．IfonlyI______mycar！A．hadn'tlostB．wouldnotloseC．didn'tloseD．haven'tlost510．______Ibefreetomorrow，Icouldgowithyou．A．CouldB．ShouldC．MightD．Must11.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen12._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor13.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaugh