2019年高考英语语法必考考点(12)状语从句

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（12）：状语从句含解析李仕才【考点解读】在复合句中，修饰主句或主句谓语的句子叫作状语从句。状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。一、状语从句引导词列表从句类型从属连词时间状语从句as,after,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,assoonas地点状语从句where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere原因状语从句because,since,as,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat结果状语从句that,sothat,so/such...that...目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase,forthepurposethat条件状语从句if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat,incase,providedthat比较状语从句than,as...as,notso/as...as方式状语从句as,asif/though,how让步状语从句though,although,evenif/though,however,whatever,as,while【点睛】(1)上述有些连词除了能引导状语从句外，还可引导定语从句和名词性从句。在使用的时候，要根据句子结构和句意来判别和区分不同的从句，正确使用引导词。以where为例，试比较下列多种从句的区别。Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地点状语从句)Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定语从句，先行词为theaddress)Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.(宾语从句)Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主语从句)Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表语从句)(2)在两个分句间要有一个且只有一个连词，千万不能按汉语习惯。Becausehewasill,hedidn’tcometoschool.＝Hewasill,sohedidn’tcometoschool.(3)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或从句的主语为it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be时，从句中的“主语＋be”部分可省略。When(hewas)askedaboutit,hekeptsilent.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhen(theyare)necessary.If(itis)possible,I’llexplainitagainlater.Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.二、时间状语从句1.“一……就……”的表达如下表词类常用词例句从属连词assoonasHestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.副词immediately,directly,instantlyTheyphonedimmediatelytheyreachedhome.名词/名词短语theminute/moment/second/instant,every/eachtimeTheyranawaythemomenttheysawtheguard.EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldstandby.句型结构nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.2.till和until的用法(1)肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。Heremainedtheretill/untilshearrived.(2)否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。IwasnotawarethatIforgotmytickettill/untilIgottothestation.(3)till不可置于句首，until可以。(4)强调和倒装句中，not...until应视为一个整体，同时被强调或置于句首。ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.3.before和since的用法(1)before常用于表示“还未……就；不到……就；……才；趁……；还没来得及”等含义。Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.HerushedoutofthehousebeforeIcouldsayanythingelse.(2)句型Itwas/willbe＋时间段＋before...意为“过了多久才……”。Itwasnotlongbefore.../Itwillnotbelongbefore...意为“不久就……”。ItwillbeoneyearandahalfbeforeIcomeback.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反复发生的动作。since引导的从句时态为一般过去时，主句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。Shehasbeenworkingforthecompanysincesheleftschool.(4)句型Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...意为“自从……到现在多久了”。ItisalongtimesinceIsawyoulasttime.＝Ihavenotseenyouforalongtime.IthasbeentwoyearssinceIwasadmittedtothiskeymiddleschool.＝Iwasadmittedtothiskeymiddleschooltwoyearsago.ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.＝ItisthreeyearssinceIstoppedsmokingacigar.三、原因状语从句1.because,as,since,nowthat的用法区别如下表：引导词位置内涵语气能否回答why能否强调because主句前或后直接原因强能能as主句前或后已知原因弱不能不能since/nowthat主句前—Whyareyouabsentfromthemeeting?—BecauseIamill.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn’tgettheposition.Ashismotherwasagreatmusiclover,helivedwithmusicfrombirth.Sincehismusicstylewasnew,hedecidedhishairstylehadtobenewtoo!2.除了状语从句外，一些介词短语也可以表示原因。如：becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto,onaccountof等。Theywerelatebecauseofthetraffic.3.for引导表示原因的并列句，补充说明根据什么推断出前一分句的结果。Hemusthavegonetobed,forthelightisout.四、地点状语从句注意地点状语从句与定语从句的区别，试比较：Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.五、目的状语从句与结果状语从句1.sothat引导的目的状语从句及结果状语从句的区别：(1)sothat引导目的状语从句时，只能置于主句之后，从句谓语部分常需用情态动词can,may,could等，可用inorderthat代替。后者更正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句前或后。(2)sothat引导结果状语从句时，从句的谓语部分一般没有情态动词，其作用等于so。试比较：Wegotupearlysothatwecouldcatchthetrain.(此句只强调早起的目的，结果未明)Wegotupearlysothatwecaughtthetrain.(此句表明了早起的结果：赶上了火车)2.so...that与such...that引导结果状语从句的区别：其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。常见以下几种句型结构：(1)so＋形容词/副词＋that从句。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.(2)such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.(3)such＋形容词＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that从句。Itwassuchfineweatherthatwewentoutforawalk.(4)so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句。试比较：Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.＝Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.(5)so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句。在“两多两少”(many/much/few/little)前要用so来修饰。Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthimself.3.除了状语从句外，不定式inorderto/soasto等也可以表示目的。Inordertogethomeearlier,wehadtorunalltheway.4.除了状语从句外，too...to,enough...to,so...asto,such(...)to等不定式结构也可以表示结果。Wegotupearlyenoughtocatchthetrain.六、条件状语从句1.条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。后者应使用虚拟语气，试比较：Ifyouworkhard,you’llmakeprogress.(真实条件句)Ifyouhadworkedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.(虚拟条件句)2.“祈使句＋and...”和“祈使句＋or/otherwise...”以上两种结构中的祈使句都表示条件，and或or/otherwise后面的内容表示结果。Climbtothetopofthemountainandyou’llseethewholecity.＝Ifyouclimbtothetopofthemountain,you’llseethewholecity.Hurryup,or/otherwiseyou’llbelate.＝Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.3.“名词＋and...”结构此结构中的名词可改为if引导的条件状语从句，有时也可改为由when,after引导的时间状语从句，and后面的句子表示主句内容。Anothersoundandtheenemywoulddiscoverus.＝Ifwemadeanothersound,theenemywoulddiscoverus.Afewminutesandtheywentaway.＝When/Afterafewminuteshadpassed,theywentaway.七、让步状语从句1.as引