英语阅读猜测词义

2007-2009年广东高考阅读理解试题分类情况题目设计数量200720082009试题设计分类事实细节题7610主旨大意题321词义猜测题211推理判断题3631.对考纲外生词的猜测Theunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlymeans______.(05广东卷)2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans(06广东卷)4.对句义的猜测WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend(06广东卷)3.对代词的猜测Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto______.(04广东卷)词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“…”means______.......Ifyoucomeacrossnewwords,expressionsandsentenceswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?语境法Contextclues构词法Wordformation猜测词义合成Compounding转化Conversion派生Derivation构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattackpseudonym解除控制移植反击假名，笔名suffix-able（能…的）-less（无，不）-wards（向）-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质）-some（易于…的）-hood（状态；性质；时期）-ish（如…的；有点儿…的）-proof(防…的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最…的）waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless防水的街景最内心的无语的Heissaidtobe“undersized’’with“shortlegs’’anda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模)派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,…hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）合成Compounding谁都不知是什么地方Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks．（09广东卷）转化Conversionn.—v.发言，发表意见v.—n.倚靠二利用对比和反义词一利用释义词(句）四利用上下文三利用因果关系语境法Contextcluesore.g.forexamplesuchasforinstancethisisThatistosayinotherwordsmeanrefertonamelybecalledbeidentifiedastoputitdifferently定语从句括号,引号,破折号一、利用释义词（句）Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.哑剧Newhouses,largeschools,modernfactories,morehorsesandsheep---everywherewesawsignsofprosperity.繁荣ontheotherhandonthecontrarydespiteinspiteofInsteadratherthanthoughbutyethoweverwhileunlikeincontrast分号二、利用对比和反义词Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl，buthersisterwasquitesedate．A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energeticbutWrittenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychange.while静止的JackisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.incontrast傲慢的Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests;becauseassinceforthussosothathencethereforeAsaresult三、利用因果关系Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.（08广东卷）65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_____.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestbecause四、利用上下文熟词新义生活常识找信息词指代关系1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech（05福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout(06广东)WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_____.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon(08广东）Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Isthisagoodthing?Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,‘Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?’”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.Theunderlinedword“gulf”inPara.3mostprobablymeans______.A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separationChildrensimulatetoviewsolareclipsewithgogglesasapreparationforthecomingoneonJuly22,innorthChina'sTianjin,July19,2009.AtotalsolareclipsewillbeseenonJuly22intheareaalongtheYangtzeRiverincentralChina,whileapartialsolareclipsecouldbeseeninBeijing,capitalofChina,andTianjin.日全食日偏食日食(2009年全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorel