英语非谓语动词不定式语法及练习大全

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英语语法从句非谓语动词虚拟语气主谓一致时态与语态强调和倒装√非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式(todo)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)不定式的语法功能动词不定式的构成:(to)+do具有名词、形容词、副词的特征;否定式:not+(to)do不定式的时态和语态时态、语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/1.一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。It'snicetomeetyou.HewantstobeaphysicistWeplantopayavisittotheLeaningTowerofPisa.2.进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。Theboypretendedtobestudyingseriously.Sheseemstobereadinginhisroom.3.完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。Ihappenedtohaveseentheopera.Heispleasedtohavemethisoldclassmates.不定式的语法功能作主语作表语作宾语作宾语补足语作定语作状语主语Tofinishthetaskinaweekisveryhard.一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.灰心意味着失败。主语动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后。Itisveryhardtofinishthetaskinaweek.一周之内完成这项任务是很难的。Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.灰心意味着失败。主语It+be+名词+todoIttakessb.+sometime+todoIt+be+形容词+forsb.(ofsb.)+todoIttookmeonlyamonthtocompletetheproject.Itisverydifficultformetofinishthereportovernight.It'sourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.It+be+形容词+forsb.(ofsb.)+todo当在描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如:good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等词后,不用for而用of。若描述做某事性质的形容词:如important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等,用for;可以用这个句型来验证:sb+be+adj看这个句子的意思是不是成立,要是成立,就用of。要是不成立则用for.you_arekind这个句子成立,所以用ofWeareimportant这个句子不成立,则用for表语Myworkistocleanthewashingroomeveryday.Hisidealistobeatopengineer.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。宾语宾语可按固定搭配或句式去记:afford(负担得起),agree(同意),dare(敢于),decide(决定),happen(碰巧),hesitate(犹豫),fail(不能),guarantee(保证),tend(倾向),manage(设法),pretend(假装),offer(提供),plan(计划)Heofferedtohelpme.Thestudentfailedtopasstheexam.Ireallycan'taffordtoseethiscompanygobankruptcy.Iguaranteetofulfillthetask.WemanagetogetmostofourproduceinBritain.注意事项1如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面。在find\feel\think\consider+it+adj.+todosth.中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Ifounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.Allofusthinkiturgenttoimplementeconomicreform.注意事项2动词+疑问词+不定式有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副(代)词,一起充当宾语。what,when,where,which,how,whether等。Couldyoutellmewhethertogoforapicnic?Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.Hegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearncomputer.注意事项3动词+宾语+不定式不定式可以做宾语补足语Theofficerorderedhissoldierstofire.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Ihavenochoicebuttobelievewhatyou'resaying.Ihavenochoicebuttodoashetellsme.•后面只接动名词做宾的动词•实践完成听建议•practicefinishsuggest•习惯继续别放弃•beusedtoKeepongiveup•喜欢思念忙介意•enjoymissbebusymind•不禁考虑会想你•Can’thelpconsiderfeellike2)哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的区别?记住要努力,(rememberwanttry)需要别忘记;(needforget)后悔没尽力,(regrettry)意思要停止。(meanrequirestop)•1.remembertodosth记住要做某事•Youmustremembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave•2.rememberdoingsth记得曾做过某事•Irememberlockingthefrontdoor•3.forgettodosth忘记要做某事•Heforgottodohishomeworkyesterday•4.forgetdoingsth忘记曾做过某事•Iforgotsayingthisthingtoyou•5.trytodosth努力做某事•Hetriestoanswereachquestion•6.trydoingsth试着做某事•ItriedsinginganEnglishsong•7.meantodosth打算做某事•Wemeantotravelabroadnextyear•我们明年打算去国外旅行•8.meandoingsth意味着•Itmeanswaitingforhimanotherhour•这意味着要再等一个小时•9.stoptodosth停下来去做某事•Stoptohavearestifyouaretired•10.stopdoingsth停止做某事•Althoughitrainedheavily,thefarmersdidn’tstopworkinginthefield虽然雨下得很大,农民们却没有停止在田间劳动•11.regrettodosth对现在发生的事表示“遗憾”•Weregrettoinformyouthatyouowethebank$100•我们很遗憾地通知你,你欠银行100美元•12.regretdoingsth对发生过的事表示“后悔”•Heregrettedplayingcomputergames.他后悔玩电脑游戏•13.wanttodosth想要做某事•Hewantstobeasinger•14.wantdoing需要;该•Theteatablewantswashing茶几需要清洗了•15.need\requiretodosth需要做某事•Weneed\requiretodoalotofwork•16.need\requiredoingsth主动表被动•Theblackboardneeds\requirescleaning黑板需要擦了•17.goontodosth•做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事•18.goondoingsth继续做原来所做的同一件事定语定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Ihaveameetingtoattend.Shefoundacomfortablehousetolivein.That'sthethingtoworryabout.备注:所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词Itisagreatplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.Let'spracticenow.It'sthebestwaytolearn.备注:如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词。状语状语表目的表结果表原因表程度作目的状语常用结构:todo,onlyto,inorderto,soastodo,so(such)…asto…Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Heworkeddayandnightinordertogetthemoney.Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.备注:注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。╳╳n.方法,手段作结果状语常用enoughto,sufficientto,onlyto,neverto,so+形容词/副词+asto引导。Iawoketofindmyluggagegone.Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Hesearchedtheroomtofindnothing.作原因状语Shesmiledtoseethestudentssohappy.Shesmiledbecauseshesawthestudentssohappy.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.Theywereverysadbecausetheyheardthenews.状语表目的表结果表原因表程度省略to的不定式cannotbut(只得)cannothelpbut(不得不,只得)hadbetter(最好还是)hadrather(宁愿)wouldrather(宁愿)wouldsooner(宁愿)may(just)aswell(还是...的好)must(just)aswell(幸好)ratherthan(而不是)whynot(为什么不)wouldyouplease(请您...)helpsb.(to)dosth.Icannotbutad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