动词时态精讲与练习

时态概念时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语有16种动词时态形式，但常见的有9种，见下表：I.一般现在时现在习惯性或经常性动作Classbeginsateighteverymorning状况Helookstired.瞬间动作Therecomesthebus过去描述过去的事实，以求描绘的生动性Theriverriseshigherandhigher,breaksthebanksandfillsalllowplaces.将来固定不变或不易变的动作或状态TomorrowisSunday.（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作或状态Whenhearrives,we’llgoouttomeethim.不受时间限制的动作或状态Thesunrisesintheeast.Practicemakesperfect.II.一般过去时过去某时（或某段时间内）的动作HetraveledinEuropelastyear.状态HewasinBeijingsomeyearsago.习惯动作WhenIwasatcollege,Iwrotehomeonceaweek.先后一连串动作Hewenttotown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughter.现在或将来非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟的语气范畴It’stimewewent.Ifhearrivedtomorrow,Ishouldmeethimattheairport.III.一般将来时将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作，更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中Hewillcomenextweek.I’llaskherassoonasshecomes.状态Yourdresswillbereadysoon.现在预测现在某事可能要发生了It’seleveno’clock.Marywillbeinbedbynow.现在的习惯Alionwillneverattackanelephant.现在的需要ShallIhelpyou?对将来的事情现在作出决定—Whichshirtdoyouwant?—I’lltaketheblueone,please.IV.现在进行时现在某时（或某段时间内）正在进行的动作Heiswritingaletternow.SheisvisitingBeijingthisweek.婉转口气I’mhopingtohearfromyousoon.带有感情色彩的叙述Theboyisalwaystalkinginclass.将来按计划一般不易变更的动作Thetrainisleavingat11:00p.m..（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作Whenyouarecyclingalongthestreet,don’tforgetthetrafficlight.V.过去进行时过去某时（或某段时间内）进行的动作Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimelastnight.故事发生的背景Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.带有感情色彩的叙述Hewasmakingtroubleallthetime.过去说话前不久的动作Iwastellinghimhismotherwasill.婉转口气Iwashopingyoucouldhelpme.VI.过去将来时过过去间接引用某人过去的话和想法Hewarnedusthatthejourneywouldbedangerous.习惯性动作Atdusk,theseoldladieswouldsitinrockingchairsandtalk.现在非真实的动作或状态IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyFrench.客气的请求Wouldyoumindhelpingme?愿望Iwouldlikeacupoftea.VII.现在完成时现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响Hehasturnedoffthelight.IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.现在时间前已做的动作Heisreadingthebookthathehasboughtrecently.（在时间或条件从句中）表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作I’llreturnthebooktoyouassoonasIhavefinishedit.直到现在为止尚未完成的动作HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastsummer.VIII.过去完成时过去某一时训或某一事件前完成的动作或状态Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnedtwelveunits.HehadbeeninthiscollegeforfiveyearsbeforeIcametostudy.过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作ByDecemberlastyear,hehadworkedinBeijingforfiveyears.HehadbeeninthiscollegeforfiveyearsbeforeIcametostudy.•其他用法表示非真实的，想象的过去动作或状态•IwishIhadtoldhimaboutit.Ifthehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.•Theyhadmeanttoseemeoffattheairport,buttheygottheretoolate.IX．现在完成进行时现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。事实上现在完成时除了表示动作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示动作“未完成”概念，两者在大多数情况下可以换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。如：Hehaslivedherefor10years.也可以说成：Hehasbeenlivingherefor10years.下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一定的感情色彩。Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeentelephoningyouthewholemorning!He’sbeentalkingtomesincethismorning.练习一：动词时态与语态（1）1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlockedB.islockingC.haslocked.D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catchB.catchesC.willcatchD.wascatching•4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?•happensB.ishappening•C.willhappen•D.ishappened•5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.•A.letB.letsC.islettingD.willlet•6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.•A.isgoingtoB.willbe•C.shallD.would•7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He'llbeheresoon.•A.comesB.iscoming•C.hadcomeD.came•8.Theycan'tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.•A.didB.aredoing•C.havedoneD.hasdone•9.Hasheseenthisfilm?Yes.He______itseveraldaysago.•A.sawB.hasseenC.hadseenD.wasseeing•10.NowMikeisn'there.He______MrGreen's.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.•A.wentto;iscoming•B.hasgoneto;willcome•C.hasbeento;willbe•D.isgoingto;hascome•11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.•A.haswashedB.washed•C.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed•12.Ihaven'tfinishedmycomposition.I______fortwohoursandahalf.•A.havewrittenitB.havebeenwritingit•C.wroteitD.amwritingit•13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____ShangHai,•A.gotoB.willgoto•C.havebeentoD.havegoneto•14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.•A.didn'tsay•B.couldn'tspeaktoC.said•D.didn'ttell•15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.•A.wasbuiltB.built•C.wassetup•D.hadbeenbuilt•16.When______schoolbegin?NextMonday.•A.hasB.doesC.didD.isgoingto•17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.•A.leaveB.notleave•C.comeD.return•18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.•A.willworkB.worked•C.workD.havebeenworking•19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.•A.wentB.willgo•C.goD.havegone•20.Itwassaidthathisfather______.•A.hasdiedB.died.C.hasbeendeadD.haddied•21.Wewon'tgounlessyou______soon.•A.hadcomeB.came•C.willcomeD.come•22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.•A.TheyhavebeenB.itis•C.ItwasD.Thereare•23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.•A.havegonetoB.havebeento•C.havebeeninD.havegoneinto•24.Howlonghaven'tweseeneachother?Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last.•A.is/havemetB.was/hadmet•C.is/metD.hasbeen/hadmet•25.Haveyouseentheartexhibition?No,_____there.•A.itwasnotbeingheld•B.theydidn'thold•C.ithadnotheld•D.theywereholdingit•26.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilit______.•A.stopB.willstop•C.stoppedD.hasstopped•27.Where______therecorder?Ican'tseeitanywhere.I_____itrighthere.Butnowit'sgone.•A.didyouput/haveput•B.haveyouput/put•C.hadyouput/wasputting•D.wereyouputting/haveput•28.Theyaskedmetoh