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动词-ing形式作主语和宾语1.动词-ing形式是在动词末尾加-ing，属于非谓语动词。如：do-doing,write-writing,sit-sitting,etc.否定形式：not+v--ing2.动词-ing形式作主语或宾语时，也可称为动名词。动词-ing形式作主语1.动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作,谓语动词用单数。如：Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.2.动词-ing形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awonder,awasteoftime等。如：Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.动词-ing形式作宾语1.有些动词如admit,avoid,consider,escape,deny,risk,suggest等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能接动词不定式。如：We’reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.2.有些短语如can’thelp,beusedto（习惯于）,endup,feellike(想要）,leadto,bebusy,betiredof（对…感到厌倦）,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff（推迟）,keepon,insiston（坚持）,begoodat,giveup等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：Ihavebeenusedtolivinghere.I’mfondofcollectingstampsandcoins.3.need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀（笔记！！！）考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,admit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine[注意]1.动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如：I’mannoyedaboutJohn’sforgettingtopay.Ireallycan’tunderstandyoutreatingherlikethat.2.动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：Notcleaninghisteethmadehimsmellbad.Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.需要注意的问题：以下的动词后面加动词的不定式作宾语：decide,hope,expect,seem,agree,afford,arrange,choose,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀（笔记！！！）三个希望两答应，hope;wish;want;agree;promise两个要求莫拒绝,demand;ask;refuse设法学会做决定,manage;learn;decide不要假装在选择。pretend;choose想要拒绝命令，want;refuse;order需要努力学习,need;try;learn期望同意帮助，expect;agree;help希望决定开始。hope;wish;decide;begin;start以下的动词后面既可接动词的不定式又可以接动词的ing作宾语：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start既跟动词-ing又接不定式作宾语的动词（笔记）双方一旦开始begin/start，不论喜欢like,prefer与否hate,dislike，都得继续continue下去。不管记住remember与否forget，努力try打算mean停止stop，后悔regret三个需要want,need,require。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。1.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.HavingD2.Theparentssuggested____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingsleptC3.HowIregret____somuchtimeinthenetbar!Ishouldhavestudiedharder.A.towasteB.wastingC.wastedD.beingwastedB1.Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_____abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy2.Planningsofarahead_____nosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmadeRewritethefollowingsentencesusingthe–ingformasthesubject.Example:Itisnecessarytogetwaterfromwettodryplaces.—Gettingwaterfromwettodryplacesisnecessary.1.Itisnicetohelppeopleinneedofhelp.Helpingpeopleinneedofhelpisnice.2.Itisnoteasytogrowsuperhybridrice.Growingsuperhybridriceisnoteasy.3.Itisnotdifficulttolearnmoreaboutfarming.Learningmoreaboutfarmingisnotdifficult.4.Inthecountrysideitisnotaseasytodoresearchasinthecity.Doingresearchinthecountrysideisnotaseasyasinthecity.5.TogetridofhungerisveryimportantforsomeAfricancountries.GettingridofhungerisveryimportantforsomeAfricancountries.6.Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.Explainingthisagainisimportantorwewillconfusethestudents.Whichverbsarefollowedby–ing?Whichbytheinfinitive?Firstwritedoingortodooverthecorrectgroup.Thenwritetheverbsintheboxinthecorrectcolumnsandfinallypractisemakingatleastfoursentenceswiththem.______________bothtodoanddoingmanageexpectdecideseemofferimaginesuggestavoidadmitpractisehatelovepreferrememberregrettododoingpromise,enjoy,fail,try,finish,hope,stop,begin,afford,forget,likemind,miss,start,plan,keeptododoingbothtodoanddoingpromisefailhopeaffordplanenjoyfinishmindmisskeeptrystopbeginforgetlikestart