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Unit4单词讲解练习课文介绍课文朗读23秒内，地处中国华北的唐山发生了震级为里氏7.8级的大地震，23秒内，造成24万多人死亡，83万多人受伤；23秒内，让7千多个家庭绝户，上万家庭解体，4千多人成为孤儿；23秒内，97%的地面建筑、55%的生产设备毁坏；23秒内，交通、供水、供电、通讯全部中断；23秒内，直接经济损失人民币30亿元；23秒内，一座拥有百万人口的工业城市被夷为平地。唐山大地震它发生在现代中国重大转折的1976年。它不仅造成的伤亡3倍于汶川地震，更发生在京津唐这样的中国政治中心地带。当年周恩来、朱德、毛泽东三位伟人相继去世，“四人帮”又企图篡党夺权。甚至在巨大的灾难面前，他们仍然坚持政治斗争为纲，极大地影响了受灾工作的开展。这一切使人民群众和有远见的高层领导彻底认清了“四人帮”的罪恶阴谋，并最终采取断然措施结束“文化大革命”。可以说，唐山地震是粉碎“四人帮”、结束文革动乱的催化剂。其历史意义远不仅仅在于灾难本身。单词讲解burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发e.g.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。burstin/into闯入；突然破门而入e.g.Heburst_into_the_roomwithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademeveryangry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。RobbervaluableAnumberofrobberburstintomyhomeandtookawayanythingvaluableinourhome.burstout突然迸发；爆发e.g.burstoutcrying/laughing=burstintotears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来e.g.Somebasketballfansburstintotears/burstoutcryingtheinstanttheyheardIversonretiredfromNBA.一听到艾弗森从NBA退役的消息，许多球迷都哭了。Sheknewherexamgradeandburstintotears.burstwithanger/joy/happiness/energy勃然大怒/乐不可支/活力迸发e.g.IfeltIwouldburstwithanger.我感觉自己要气炸了。e.g.Weallthoughthisheartwouldburstwithhappiness.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。e.g.Sheburstwithenergy.她精力充沛。n．突然破裂；爆发aburstof一阵……e.g.Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。e.g.Thisdressalmostmatchedherskintoneandwaslikeaburstoflightonher.这套礼服几乎与她肤色相同，就像是从她的身上爆发出的光芒。ruinn．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；come/go/falltoruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃e.g.Theirveryshapehasmadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.它们的这种形状使它们不太可能倒塌。e.g.Youhavecometoruinbecauseyouareamanofblood!现在你自取其祸，因为你是流人血的人。bring...toruin使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产e.g.Theglobaleconomydownturnhasbroughtmanysmallcompaniestoruin.全球性的经济不景气已经使许多小公司纷纷破产。n.[常用复数]废墟；遗迹lie/beinruins成为废墟e.g.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产e.g.Thisillnesshasruinedmylife.这个病毁掉了我的生活。e.g.Hiscareerwouldberuined.他的事业将被毁掉。ruinoneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruinone’shealth/fame/future/pleasure毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途/好心情e.g.Drunkdrivingnotonlyruined_himselfbutalsokilledseveralpassersby.醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。e.g.Smokingwouldruinyourhealthandyourfriends’pleasure.injurevt.损害；伤害e.g.Thiscouldseriouslyinjurethecompany’sreputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉。e.g.Uncontrolledhighbloodpressurecaninjureorkillyou.不受控制的高血压可伤害或置你于死地。bebadly/seriously/criticallyinjurede.g.Brownwasseriouslyinjuredinthetrafficaccident,sohewasinhospital.布朗因为在交通事故中受了重伤，所以住院了。e.g.Twothirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。injuredadj.受伤的e.g.aninjuredbird受伤的鸟e.g.Thenursebandageduphisinjuredfinger.护士包扎了他受伤的手指。e.g.Icanseeinjuredpeopleeverywhere.到处都能见到受伤的民众。theinjured伤员e.g.Themomenttheterribleaccidenthappened,ambulancesrushedthe_injuredtothehospital.可怕的事故一发生，救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。injuryn.伤；伤口；伤害e.g.Hewastakentohospitalwithseriousheadinjuries.她头部受重伤被送到医院。e.g.Beckhamhasmissedseveralgamesbecauseofinjury.贝克汉姆因伤错过了几场比赛。dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人e.g.sinceIwasachild,mymotherhadtoldmenottodoothersanyinjury.injure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害e.g.Thepassengersweretakentohospitalwithminorinjuries.乘客受了轻伤，被送往医院。e.g.Oneofourplayershasinjuredhisleg,andwillbeoutofthegameforweeks.我们的一名队员腿部受伤，未来几周都不能参加比赛。wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤e.g.Hediedofagunshotwoundtothehead.他死于头部的枪伤。hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上弄伤自己或他人的疼痛e.g.Hehurthiskneeplayingfootball.他踢足球时伤了膝盖。e.g.Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeelings.我不是故意要伤害你的感情。选择上述单词填空Heretiredfromthearmybecauseofbeingwoundedinafight.Soonafter,hemetwithanaccident,wherehewasnotinjuredluckilybutwashurtedtosomedegree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇一次车祸，幸运的是他身体没有受伤，但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。buryvt.(1)掩埋；埋葬；隐藏e.g.Fifty-sevenminerswereburiedalive.57名矿工被活埋。e.g.Theskierswereburiedunderthesnow.滑雪者被埋在积雪下面。buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面e.g.Havingseentheresultoftheentranceexamofuniversity,sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandcriedsadly.(2)使专心；使沉浸；e.g.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwereburiedunderpilesoflawbooks.做完作业后，我溜达进了餐厅。你正在那里忙着看你那一堆堆的法律书。beburiedin＝buryoneselfin埋头于；专心于e.g.beburiedinthought沉思e.g.buryoneselfinstudy埋头研究；专心学习e.g.Eversincehemovedthere,hehasburiedhimselfin/hasbeenburiedinhisresearchwork.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。e.g.Buried_inhisstudy,hedidn’tknowthatalltheothershadleft.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。表示“专心于；致力于”的短语除了beburiedin外，①beaddictedto②beabsorbedin③bedevotedto④belostin⑤focuson⑥concentrateonjudgen．裁判员；法官；评判员e.g.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。v．断定；判断；判决judge...from/by...从……来判断e.g.Youshouldneverjudgeapersonbytheirlooks.你绝不能以貌取人。Don’tjudgeabookfrom/byitscover.judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非e.g.Asyouhasbeenan18-year-oldadult,youshouldbeabletojudgebetweenrightandwrong.asfarasIcanjudge据我判断；我认为e.g.As_far_as_I_can_judge,_itismorelikelythatyouwillgetthejob.据我判断，你更有可能获得那个工作。judgingby/from从……上看；根据……判断judgingfrom/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。e.g.Judging_fromwhatyousayinyourletter,youdon’tfeelwell.根据你信中所说的判断，你感觉不太好。rightaway立刻，马上=atonce=innotimee.g.Makethesedeterminationsrightaway/atonce.立刻做出这些决定。e.g.Whenthetrafficaccidenthappened,theambulancereachedatonce.asleep睡着的；熟睡地[不用于名词前]fallasleep入睡e.g.Oneinsevenroadaccidentsiscausedbydriversfallingasleepatthewheel(=