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非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式todo动词-ed过去分词动词-ing现在分词-ing动名词1.谓语动词：在在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.概述动词不定式todo一、基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二、动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourdutytohelpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoymenttospendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosth（用来形容人的品质的）（用来形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosthItisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1)接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised(give)meahand.togettobetogotodancetogive2)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)•Hetaughtushowtousethetool.•Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.•Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.(3)it作形式宾语Ifeelthattoworkwithhimisinteresting．Ifeelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。结构：主语+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Doyouconsider___betternotgo?2.Ifeelmydutychangeallthat.3.Wethinkimportantobeythelaw.4.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.ittoittoittoitto(4)不定式作状语•表示目的、原因、结果或条件•Icameheretoseeyou．•Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.•Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.•Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)only+不定式•含义：only+不定式这一结构表示一种出乎意料或非主观希望的结果，该结构常常用逗号与前面的句子隔开。•意为“不料……；反而……；想不到……；结果却……”•Hehurriedtothathouse,onlytobetoldthatthepartywascancelled.•Herantothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.不带to的不定式1.使役动词：have,letmake等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用to•Shewon’tletherpoorsonsufferlikethis.•Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.2.感官动词及词组:feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用to•Iheardhimsingasong.不定式的时态一、不定式的一般式to+动词原形，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的Shewasseentoenterthehall.(wasseen与toenter两个动作同时发生）Ihavesomenewtotellyou.(totell所表示的动作发生在have之后）二、不定式的进行式tobe+动词-ing，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，而且正在进行着•Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.•HeissaidtobestudyinginNewYork.三、不定式的过去式tohave+过去分词，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前•HeissaidtohaveleftShanghai.•Sheseemstohavereadthebookbefore.1.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldDB3.Willyoulendhimamagazine_________?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.heread4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsCB5.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedD动名词动名词由动词+ing构成，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。动名词的基本构成：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式：not+动名词•②用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。•Askingheradviceisnouse.=It(形式主语)isnouseaskingheradvice(真正主语).•Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.=Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.二、动名词作宾语①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有•避免错过少延期avoid,miss,putoff,delay•建议完成多练习suggest,finish,practice•喜欢想象禁不住enjoy,imagine,can'thelp•承认否定与妒忌admit,deny,envy•逃避冒险莫原谅escape,risk,excuse,•忍受保持感介意stand,keep,appreciate,mind二、动名词作宾语②有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语，但意思不同。IfIhadrememberedtoclosethewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.（记得要去做某事）Irememberedseeingheroncesomewhere.（记得曾经做过某事）prefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)③作介词/短语动词的宾语:主语+谓语+介词+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithoutspeaking.②Ilookforwardtoseeinghimagain.③Areyouusedtolivingtherealone?注意：动名词用主动形式表示被动意义：（1）当need,want,require意为“需要”，且前面的主语时指物的名词或代词时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示被动意义。deserve也有这种用法：Yourshirtsneeds.你的衬衣需要洗一洗。Thishouserequires.这个房子需要整修。washing/tobewashedrepairing/toberepaired动名词的时态一、动名词的一般式动词原形+-ing,所表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。Childrenenjoyreadingstorybooks.(enjoy与reading同时发生）Iamthinkingofgettinganewdictionary.(getting发生在thinking之后）二、动名词的完成式having+过去分词,所表示的动作通常在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。Heaccusedmeofhavingbrokenmyword.Iregrethavingtoldherthenews.2.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone1.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleanedAD4.Ican’timagine_____withsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.bework