定语从句 精讲

定语从句在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。1.Thestudents(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句:Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.先行词定语从句2.Thewoman(whomyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.先行词定语从句主句:ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.从句的主语：从句的宾语：youwhom3.Ashoeshopisashop(whichsellsshoes).主句：Ashoeshopisashop.从句的主语:which4.Thebook(thatyouwant)isonthedesk.主句从句的主语:从句的宾语：Thebookisonthedesk.youthat注意:必须保持主句的完整性引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词Ihavesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.Ihavesomefriendswholikesports.修饰先行词friendsIlikethemovie.Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.that修饰先行词movieThemovieisexciting.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.who修饰先行词woman小结：•that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。•which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.•who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone等不定代词或被它们修饰时。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Whichisthebookthat/---youbought?Itisn’tthebeautifulpigthatitwas.６．which引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复只用that７．当关系代词在从句中作表语时只用that，且不可以省1.在therebe句型中，先行词为人只who.Thereisamanwhoisstealing.只用who不用that2.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he\she等时，只用whoHewhoisinredrunsveryfast.Exercise1:用关系代词填空1.Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.2.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.3.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatThemaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.Exercise2.1.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.2.Sayall________youknow.3.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat1.Thisisthetown_____Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_____Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday____Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday____Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason____hewaslate.Thisisthereason____hetoldme.wherewhichwhenwhichwhythatFillintheblankswithproperpreps.1.Thisisthebook_____whichIspent5yuan.2.Thisisthebook_____whichIpaid5yuan.3.Thisisthebook_____whichwecanlearnalot.4.Thisisthebook_____whichweoftentalk.5.Thisisthebook_____whichIwrotedownmanynotes.onforfromaboutin中考定语从句真题精选•1.Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?(天津市)•A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose•2.Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.(河北省)•A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom•3.ShaolinTemple_______liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.(河南省)•A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what•AAB4.—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?—Sheismylittlesister.(福州市)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.(吉林省)A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when6.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.(长沙市)A.whoB.whichC.whose7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.(厦门市)A.whoB.whichC.whom•BAABA8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_______workshard.(临沂市)A.whichB./C.whomD.who9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_______havegreatlyrics.(泰安市)A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom10.Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions_______theirstudentsuseindailylife.(绍兴市)A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom11.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.(芜湖市)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what•DACB12.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?(茂名市)A.thatB.whenC.where13.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.(茂名市)A.whenB.whichC.who14.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.(襄樊市)A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who15.—Therearemanyvolunteers_______arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.—Andmostofthemarecollegestudents.(咸宁市)A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who•ACDD概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.