搜索
定语从句关系词的特殊情况和用法关系代词that代替which的一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用that。⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.宜用who,而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.⑵先行词是those时。例如：①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.用whom,不用who的情况在从句中作介词宾语的关系代词，且关系代词直接跟在介词后面时，只用whom,不用who.IcameacrossafewfriendswithwhomIwenttothepark.Weshouldn’tspendmoneytestingthosepeople,mostofwhomarehealthy.介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?（which作介词with的宾语）→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?但是，要注意的是：⑴介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。⑵介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：①错误：Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?正确：Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?②错误：Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正确：Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.改错练习1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?加the3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.towhom4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.that5.Istillremembertheholidays?Istayedwiththem.when6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.that7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.who8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhich9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.that10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.改成that12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.why13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.thosewho14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.why15.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.which16.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislookingfor.17.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.whom18.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.which19.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.which20.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.thatSoontheycametoafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Soontheycametoafarmhouse.Asmallboysatinfrontof（thehouse）.状语？Soontheycametoafarmhouse,where/whichthereisasmallboysatinfrontof.Thisisthefactoryinwhich/wheremyfatherworks.1．介词+which表时间、地点或原因，代替关系副词when、where、why：1）Istillrememberthedayonwhich（=when）IwenttoBeijing.2）Thefactoryinwhich（=where）Iworkisalargeone.3)Thisisthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslateforschool.介词前置2.介词+which(指物),whom(指人),作分句中的目的、方式、地点状语等。这种结构中的介词一般为动词所支配。1）Couldyoutellmethemanforwhomyouhaveboughtthiscoat(for)?2)Hebuiltawindowthroughwhichhecouldlook(through)whatwentoninside.3)Theman,fromwhomIlearnedthenews(from),isanengineer.3.介词词组+关系代词(which指物,whom指人),表示存在关系。关系分句中须主谓倒置。1）Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsatanoldman.2）Isawawoman，ontheheadofwhomstoodabird.4.不定代词或数词+介词ofwhich(指物),whom(指人),说明整体中的部分关系.1)Chinahasmanyislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.2)Thereareagreatmanystudentshere,noneofwhomlikethefilm.3)Hehasfivechildren,allofwhomarePartymembers.4)Thoseforeignteachers,mostofwhomhaveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhereverymuch.5)TherearemanykindsofbirdsinAustralia,andover140speciesofsnakes,manyofwhichareextremelydangerous.5.介词by+which(指物),whom(指人),在被动结构中表明动作的发出者.1）Thewolfbywhichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.2)Themanbywhomthewolfwasshotisagoodhunter.6.ofwhich代替whose，指物，用作分句中的后置定语。1）Isawsometrees，theleavesofwhich（=whoseleaves）wereblackwithdisease。2）Hementionedabook，thetitleofwhich（=whosetitle）Ihaveforgotten。7．介词+which（指物），whose（指人），作前置定语，修饰后面的中心词。1）Itrainedallnightandallday,duringwhichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces。2）Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemap。8．介词+which+动词不定式。1）Shehadonly1.87dollarswithwhichtobuyJimapresent。2）Atlasttherewassomethingaboutwhichtowritehome。1．Agoodadoftenuseswords_____peopleattachpositivemeanings.A．inwhichBtowhichCforwhichDonwhich2．DrCurtisWelchdiscoveredthatsomechildrenhadaterribledisease_____hehadnomedicine。A．bywhichBonwhichCforwhichDtowhich3．13．Inthenewcitytherewasn‘tasingleperson_____thepoorboycouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomBCD4.Thisistheworker,_____thebookwaswritten.A.whoB.whomC.ofwhomD.bywhom5.Thebook,thecover,______isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitB.foritC.inwhereD.ofwhich6.Iliketheway______hetalksandlaughs.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.forwhich7．ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity，_____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterwhichDDCD8.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom9.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwh