同位语1.名词短语充当同位语1.LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering,hasbeencrude.’(1998-2-5)哈佛学者、一家迅速发展的面包咖啡连锁店的前总执行官.莱昂纳多史莱辛格说.许多“重组”是不成熟的。2.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattackedantiscienceinseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.(1998-3-2)由于科学经费减少,科学家在好几本著作中对“反科学”进行了攻击。值得注意的是,弗吉尼亚大学的生物学家保罗R格洛斯和罗特杰斯大学的数学家诺曼列维合著的《高级迷信》;康奈尔大学的卡多萨根所著的《魔鬼出没的世界》。3.Intellect,accordingtoHosfstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.(2004-4-6)在霍夫斯旦德看来,才智和天分是不同的,天分是我们不大情愿羡慕的品质。4.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.(2003-4-5)我也深知在医疗开销少得多的日本和瑞典,他们的人均寿命比我们长,而且更健康,5.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.(1999-3-2)相反,我们对美国公民有某种理念,如果他不能充分判断他的生活和幸福如何受到其外界的影响,他就是一个不完善的人。2.that引导的从句充当同位语1.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.(2005-3-1)一个世纪前,弗洛伊德阐述了他具有革命性的理论,即梦是对我们所不曾意识到的欲望和恐惧的内心深处的反映。到了20世纪70年代末期,神经学家们转而认为梦仅仅是人们头脑中的噪音——是睡眠中进行的神经修复过程中随机产生的副产品。2.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.(2003-2-1)现在就有一个这样的事情,它正在试图终止生物医学研究,因为有一种观点认为动物有权利拒绝作医学研究的对象。3.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.(1999-2-3)网络文化非常重视这样一种理念:出现在屏幕上的信息应该是特别要求的结果。4.Suchbehaviorisregardedasalltoohuman,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.(2005-1-1)这种行为被认为是“人之常情”,人们普遍认为其他动物不会将这种不满情绪发挥到如此地步。5.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.(2004-3-2)甚至在格林斯潘承认美国过热的经济正在开始降温之前,许多上班族自己早已觉察到了经济疲软的迹象。6.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.(2003-2-4)如果好人无所作为,真有可能一群无知的公众会扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。7.Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthescientificmethodasubstituteforimaginativethought.(1999-5-3)在与科学家特别是年轻科学家交谈时,你可能有这样的印象:他们认为“科学的方法可以代替创造性思维。8.Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.(1997-4-4)莱文不愿对上周的辩论加以评论,但是有迹象表明这位主席至少在某种程度上松动其强硬的立场。9.Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonly“recentlycometorealizethis.(1997-4-5)我认为也许是这种情况:一些与公司有关的人士最近才刚刚认识到这一点。10.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovement91mustbewatched.(2001-4-5)但是事实仍然是合并运动必须受到严密监视。3.另类形式同位语1.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.(1999-4-2)然而,小组在一个关键性的问题上仍未达成一致意见,那就是是否建议立法将私人资金用于克隆人视为犯罪行为。2.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.(2003-2-3)科学家向公众传达信息时应该用富有感情的、容易理解的方式——用通俗的大众语言,而不用分子生物学术语。