物联网时代的传感Web标准_IT168文库

SensorWebStandardsandtheInternetofThingsMay24th,2011ScottFairgrieveGeospatialResearchandDevelopmentCOM.Geo2011WorkshopExpandingGeoWebtoanInternetofThingsInternetofThings(IoT)SupportingTechnologies/ResearchAreas*•IdentificationTechnology•ArchitectureTechnology•CommunicationTechnology•NetworkTechnology•NetworkDiscovery•SoftwareandAlgorithms•Hardware*From:“VisionandChallengesforRealisingtheInternetofThings”,March2010•DataandSignalProcessingTechnology•DiscoveryandSearchEngineTechnologies•RelationshipNetworkManagementTechnologies•PowerandEnergyStorageTechnologies•SecurityandPrivacyTechnologies•StandardizationTheRoleofSensorsintheIoT•Sensorsareimportantfortagging,tracking,locating,andmonitoringthings,andforenablingthingstobeawareoftheenvironmentaroundthem•SensorsareakeyenableroftheIoTandafoundationaltechnologyformanyIoTbuildingblocksandrelatedtechnologies(highlightedinred)TableFrom:“VisionandChallengesforRealisingtheInternetofThings”,March2010•Sensorsarealreadyprevalenttoday,buttheywillbecomeevenmorenecessaryandprevalentinIoT-enableddevicesandapplications–RFIDreaders,cameras,accelerometers,GPS,thermometers,etc.•Sensorsaredevelopedbyavarietyofmanufacturers,usingmanydifferentprotocolsandformats,makingtheinteroperabilityandlargescalesensorintegrationrequiredbytheIoTdifficultwithoutstandards•EffectiveuseofsensorstoenableanddrivetheIoTrequiresstandardsfordiscoveringsensors,retrievingsensordata,taskingsensors,andsubscribingtoandreceivingsensoralerts4Thedecentralisedandheterogeneousnatureofthingsandtheentitieswithwhichtheyinteractrequiresascalable,flexible,open,layered,event-drivenarchitectureofstandardsthatminimisesoreliminatesanybiastowardsanysingleprogramminglanguage,operatingsystem,informationtransportmechanismorothertechnologyandmakesefficientuseofavailablenetworkconnectivityandenergy,whererequired.**From:“VisionandChallengesforRealisingtheInternetofThings”,March2010“…webaccessiblesensornetworksandarchivedsensordatathatcanbediscoveredandaccessedusingstandardprotocolsandapplicationprograminterfaces(APIs)”FromOGC07-0165-OGCSensorWebEnablement:OverviewandHighLevelArchitectureOpenGeospatialConsortium(OGC)SensorWebEnablement(SWE)Standards•HelptoenablethevisionoftheSensorWebbyeliminatingbarrierstosensorinteroperability•IncludeXML-basedmessagingformatsandwebserviceinterfacesfordiscovering,accessing,andcontrollingalltypesofsensors•Includebuilt-insupportforlocationandavarietyofcoordinatereferencesystemsthatshouldaddressbothoutdoorandindoorlocation•Sensors,measuredphenomena,geographicfeatures,andotheritemsareallidentifiedusingUniformResourceIdentifiers(URIs)•BuiltwiththeSemanticWebandsharedvocabularies/ontologiesinmind–SemanticinteroperabilityisseenasakeybuildingblockoftheIoT•The1.0versionshavebeenaroundforafewyears,withthe2.0versionsbeingadoptednow.The2.0versionsinclude:–Bettersupportforasynchronousmessaging–Improvedconsistencyacrossstandards•OGChasformedaPub/SubStandardsWorkingGroup(SWG)toaddressbroadersupportforpub/subtechnologiesacrossitsstandards–Shouldhelpwithreal-time/event-drivenIoTusecases6OGCSWEStandards7EncodingDescriptionSensorModelLanguage(SensorML)Describesandmodelsprocesses,sensors,andsystemsofsensorsObservationsandMeasurements(O&M)FormatforencodingsensorobservationdataSWECommonAcommonsetofdatatypesfordescribingsensordata,usedbySensorMLandO&MWebServiceDescriptionSensorObservationService(SOS)Providesarchivedandnearreal-timeaccesstosensorsandtheirdata.SensorsaredescribedinSensorMLandsensordataaredescribedinO&M.Includesoptionalsupportforaddingnewsensorsandpublishingtheirobservations.SensorPlanningService(SPS)Providesaccesstocontrollablesensorsandactuatorsandthemeanstotaskthosesensors/actuatorsinastandardway.SensorAlertService(SAS)Providestheabilitytosubscribetoandreceivesensoralertsinreal-time.UtilizesExtensibleMessagingandPresenceProtocol(XMPP)fordeliveringalertsinreal-timeSensorEventService(SES)ProvidesComplexEventProcessing(CEP)andfilteringofsensordatastreamsWebNotificationService(WNS)Standardizedasynchronousmessaging/notificationmechanismforreceivingmessagesinmanyways,includinge-mail,ShortMessageService(SMS),phone,etc.8OGCGeoWebStandardsEncodingDescriptionKeyholeMarkupLanguage(KML)AnOGCstandardformatfordisplayinggeospatialdatasuchaspoints,lines,polygons,andimagesinmanymappingapplicationsincludingGoogleEarth.GeographyMarkupLanguage(GML)AnOGCstandardformatfordescribinggeographicfeatureslikepoints,lines,andpolygons.WebServiceDescriptionCatalogServicefortheWeb(CS/W)ProvidesOGCwebserviceandobjectdiscovery(i.e.sensorsandothergeographicfeatures)WebMapService(WMS)Providesaccesstorastermapdata(i.e.staticimages)thatcanbeusedtogenerateamapbackground.WebFeatureService(WFS)Providesaccesstovectormapdata(i.e.points,lines,andpolygons).Couldprovideaccesstolocation/