(公开课课件)-非谓语动词之分词作状语定稿2

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词.非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。不定式（infinitive）动名词（gerund）现在分词（presentparticiple）分词（participle）过去分词（pastparticiple二、谓语动词:就是指在句子中充当谓语的动词，谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。三、逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式动名词分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分非谓语动词时态和语态的形式不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一般式tododoingdoingdone表被动表完成一般被动式tobedonebeingdonebeingdone完成式tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone进行式tobedoing一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。（二）非谓语动词使用条件1.Theplanecrashed，_____all200peopleaboard.A.killedB.havingkilledC.killingD.hadkilled2.Theplanecrashed，andit_____all200peopleaboard.A.killedB.havingkilledC.killingD.hadkilled非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。分词作状语状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。分词作状语让步原因条件结果时间伴随方式分词作状语功能表表示的范围相当的状语从句1.时间2.原因3.条件4.让步5.方式/伴随时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句没有合适的状语从句一、分词做状语1、现在分词的一般式（doing）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或者在其后发生。2、完成式（havingdone）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先与谓语动作而发生。3过去分词（done）同动词现在分词的完成形式（havingbeendone）均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先与谓语动词发生。A.现在分词作状语学与练把划线部分改写成分词短语并说明其功能1.1.Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.*现在分词动作的发出者是()句子主语*现在分词短语作()时间状语1.2.Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.*现在分词短语作()*Havingfinishedtheirhomework表现的动作在wenthome(),故用分词的().时间状语之前完成式2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.*现在分词短语作原因状语3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.*现在分词短语作条件状语4.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.*Feelingverytired,theykeptrunning.现在分词短语作让步状语5.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.(并列句)*Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.*现在分词短语作伴随或方式状语*Laughingandtalking,thechildrencameintotheclassroom.*不可改成相应状语从句把下列划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能B.过去分词作状语学与练1.Whenshewasaskedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*Askedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*过去分词短语作时间状语*从句的动词用的是被动语态*过去分词的动作由主语承受2.Becausehewasmovedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*Movedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*过去分词短语作原因状语3.IfIweregivenonemorechance,Iwouldliketotellthegirl,“Iloveyou.”….*Givenonemorechance,Iwouldliketotellthegirl,“Iloveyou.”….*过去分词短语作条件状语4.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeatedmanytimes，theycontinuedtofight.*Havingbeendefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.=Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.*过去分词短语作让步状语*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分词）前可加上适当连词如：while，when，once，if，unless，asif，though*Onceused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.(once“一旦……”)=Onceitisused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.*Whenheated,waterturnsintosteam.=Whenwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.Heated,waterturnsintosteam5.Theteacherstoodthereandhewassurroundedbymanystudents.*Theteacherstoodthere(,)surroundedbymanystudents=Surroundedbymanystudents,theteacherstoodthere.*过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语二、不定式作状语一、不定式作目的状语Hesatdowntohavearest.(表目的)IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.二、不定式作结果状语Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）三、在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：Iamverygladtoseeyou.我非常高兴地见到你。Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.听到你母亲生病真遗憾。四，不定时作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定时多用主动形式，常见的形容词easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.【2012辽宁卷】A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperat原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained2.31.________warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.(2013湖南)A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词.现在分词作伴随状语与todo作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的现在分词与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生，且前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,,原则三：用作结果状语时，现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用现在分词，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。1.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007天津卷）A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此处用现在分词，表示自然而然的结果。2.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.（2005山东卷）A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。Yesterdaya