全新版大学英语听说教程4听力原文

1全新版大学英语听说教程第四册听力原文（PartB，C部分）Unit1PartBBirthdayCelebrationsAroundtheWorldChairman:WelcometothisspecialbirthdayeditionofOneWorld.Yes,folks,we'vebeenontheairforexactlyoneyearnow,andwethoughtitwouldbeaniceideatohaveaspecialprogramdedicatedtobirthdaycelebrationsaroundtheworld.WithusinthestudiotonightwehaveShaheenHagandPatCane,whohaveaweeklycolumnonbirthdaysintheTorontoDailyStar.Shaheen:Goodevening.Pat:Goodevening.Chairman:Shaheen,perhapswecouldbeginwithyou.HowarebirthdayscelebratedinIndia?Shaheen:Well,perhapswe'reallassumingthateveryoneintheworldcelebratestheirbirthday.Thisjustisn'tthecase.Low-incomefamiliesinIndia,forinstance,simplycan'taffordanyfestivities.AndmostMuslimsdon'tcelebratetheirbirthdays.Pat:IthinkShaheenhasraisedaninterestingpointhere.TheChristianchurch,too,wasactivelyagainstcelebratingbirthdays,andinanycasemostpeople,untilacoupleofhundredyearsago,couldn'tevenreadandwouldn'thaveevenbeenabletospottheirbirthdayonacalendaranyway.Shaheen:OfcoursesomeMuslimsdocelebratetheirbirthdays.InEgypt,TurkeyandIndonesia,forexample,therichpeopleinvitefriendsandfamiliesaround.Butnotinsmallvillages.Chairman:HereinEnglandyourtwenty-firstusedtobethebigone.Butnowitseemstohavemovedtoeighteen.Isthattrue?Pat:Yes,inmostpartsoftheWesteighteenisnowthemostimportantbirthday.InFinland,forexample,eighteenistheagewhenyoucanvote,youknow,orbuywines,driveacarandsoon.ButinJapanIthinkyouhavetowaittillyou'retwentybeforeyoucansmokeordrink.Shaheen:IknowinSenegal,whichisanotherMuslimcountry,girlsgettovoteatsixteenandboysateighteen.AndinBangladesh,girlsateighteenandboysattwenty-one.Chairman:That'sinteresting.Imeanisittypicalthataroundtheworldgirlsareconsideredtobemorematurethanboys?Shaheen:Yes,Ithinkso,andtherearesomecountries,particularlyinSouthAmerica,whichhaveabigpartyonlyforgirls.InMexicoandArgentina,forexample,theyhaveenormouspartiesfor15-year-oldgirls.Pat:YouknowinNorwaytheyhaveagreatpartyforanyonewho'snotmarriedbythetimethey'rethirty.It'skindofembarrassing.Imeanyougetpepperthrownatyou.Chairman:Pepper?Whypepper?Pat:I'mnotreallysure.Shaheen:Sodoesthatmeanthatonyour29thbirthdayyoucanstartthinking'GodIbettergetmarried'?Pat:Well,I'mnotsurehowseriouslytheytakeit.Chairman:InEnglandwehavequitebigpartiesforyourfortieth,fiftieth,sixtiethandsoon.Pat:Well,inJapanyoureighty-eighthisconsidered...Chairman:Eighty-eighth?Pat:...tobetheluckiestbirthday.EightisaveryluckynumberinJapan.PartC2Unit2PartBLastGaspforSmokersItwasanormaldayandintheirNewYorkoffice,Kenandhiscolleaguesstoppedfortheircoffeebreak.Butwhilehiscolleagueswereabletositattheirdesksanddrinktheircoffee,Kenhadtogooutside.Hecouldn'tstayinside,becausehewantedtosmoke.IfthesmokersoftheBigApplewanttoenjoyacigarette,theauthoritieshavedecidedtheymustgooutintothestreetorupontotherooftops.ThroughouttheUnitedStates,thenumberofplaceswherepeopleareallowedtosmokehasgraduallydwindled.Firstitwasbannedontrains,buses,andplanes,theninpublicplacessuchastheatersandairports.Nowyoucan'tsmokeinanyworkplace.Nonsmokersaredefinitelywinningthebattle.Whyshouldwebreathetheirsmoke?theysay.Ifthey'relucky,smokerscanstillfindsomebarsandrestaurantsorparksandrecreationcenterswheretheycanlightupacigarette,butitmaysoonbebannedthere,too.Infact,smokinginparksandrecreationcentersisalreadybannedinCalifornia.OnAugust9,2001,LosAngelesCityandCountyofficialsannouncedtheimplementationofasmoke-freeparkpolicy,officiallydesignatingsmoke-freezonesinall375parksandrecreationcentersinthecity.AndsinceJanuary1,2002allparksinCaliforniahavebecomesmoke-freetosafeguardchildrenfromtheharmfuleffectsofsecondhandtobaccosmokeanddangeroustobaccowaste.Anti-smokinggroupseventhinkthatsmokingoughttobebannedinpeople'shomes.Undernewplansyouwon'tbeabletosmokeinanyhousewheretherearemorethantenvisitorsinaweek,orwheretherearechildren.In1996,nicotinewasclassedasadrug,likecannabis,cocaineorheroin.Andscientistsallovertheworldagreethatexposuretosecondhandsmokeposesaserioushealthriskandthereisnosafelevelofexposure.Itisespeciallydangerousforchildrenbecausewhentheyareexposedtotobaccosmoke,theyhavemuchhigherratesoflungdiseasessuchasbronchitisandpneumoniaandarealsoatgreaterrisksofdevelopingasthma.Inthecountrythatgavetobaccototheworld,smokingmightonedaybeillegal.AndthenKenwillhavetogiveup.PartC3Unit3PartBHowOurMemoryWorksTrytoimaginealifewithoutamemory.Itwouldbeimpossible.Youcouldn'tusealanguage,becauseyouwouldn'trememberthewords.Youcouldn'tunderstandafilm,becauseyouneedtoholdthefirstpartofthestoryinyourmindinordertounderstandthelaterparts.Youwouldn'tbeabletorecognizeanyone-evenmembersofyourownfamily.Youwouldliveinapermanentpresent.Youwouldhavenopastandyouwouldn'tbeabletoimagineafuture.Humanbeingshaveamazingmemories.Apartfromallourpersonalmemoriesaboutourownlives,wecanrecallbetween20,000and100,000wordsinourownlanguageaswellaspossiblythousandsmoreinaforeignlanguage.Wehaveallsortsofinformationaboutdifferentsubjectssuchashistory,science,andgeography,andwehavecomplexskillssuchasdrivingacarorplayingamusicalinstrument.Allthesethingsandcountlessothersdependonourmemory.Howwellyou