法律英语

法律英语LegalEnglishUnitOneLawinGeneralI.SuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:Studentswillbeableto:1.Understandthemainidea:Courts;Crime;Judge;Jury;Lawyer;JusticeofPeace;Police2.mastersomerelatedlegalterms;understandhowthegovernmentwork3.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiod:Pre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,warming-upquestionsandbackgroundinformation)2ndperiod:Whilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiod:Highlightsofthetext4thperiod:After-readingactivitiesII.TeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentation.III.CulturalBackgroundNotesMagistrate司法官：原文来自于拉丁文,指地方官员,后演变为在小辖区内审理轻微案件的司法官。香港裁判官一般都是有丰富经验和法律知识的，但但也有非专业性司法官。CulturalBackgroundNotesJury：陪审团，英美法系分为大陪审团（GrandJury）小陪审团（prettyJury）陪审团的任务是判断事实，然后由法官根据陪审团的裁判对犯罪嫌疑人量刑。CulturalBackgroundNotesProbation缓刑：对原有刑罚有条件地不予执行的制度。缓刑的条件(1)被判处拘役或者三年以下有期徒刑（2）根据犯罪情节，悔罪表现，不再危害社会（3）不是累犯HouseofLords上议院：亦称“贵族院”，由宗教贵族、世俗贵族及一部分苏格兰贵族组成。HouseofCommons下议院：亦称“平民院”，由郡、市、自治市的代表组成。JusticeofthePeace:兼理一般司法事务的地方官、治安官IV.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasksWarming-upquestions1.Whatislaw?WhatisLegalEnglish?2.CanyoutelloutsomesymbolsoftheLaw?3.CanyousaysomethingabouttheorganoftheLaw?Contents:CourtsofLaw:Alawcourtisameetingplacesetupbythegovernmentforthejustandpeacefulsettlementofdispute.Crime:Crimeusuallymeansbreakingthelawinaseriousway.Apersonwhohascommittedanumberofcrimesiscalledacriminal.Thecrimecanbedividedintomisdemeanor(slightcrime)andfelony(serouscrime),accordingtotheextentthecrimes.Judge:Ajudgeisalawyerwhohasworkedformostofhislifeinthecourtsandknowsthelawthoroughly.Lawyer:Lawyerearnstheirlivingbyadvisingpeopleandspeakingfortheminthecourts.InBritaintherearetwokindsoflawyers:asolicitorandabarrister..Police:Thefirstdutyofapoliceistoseethatpeopleobeythelaw.Theirdutiesinclude:catchinganimals,directingtraffic,controllingcrowds,findinglostchildren,rescuingpeopleindangerandgivingfirstaidsinaccidents.Prison:Whenapersonhasbeentriedandhisfoundguiltyofacrime,hemaybesenttoprisonforacertaintime.Prisonsusedtobeveryharsh.Therepeoplewerecruellytreated.Insomecountriestheystillare.HouseofCommons:Electedbypeople;representthevoiceofpeople---630persons,wheremoneyandthepoliciesofthegovernmentcanbetalkedaboutwarmly；electionsforseatsinCommonsevery5years.(PrimeMinistercancallforelectionsifhefeelsnecessary)---mostpowerfulbodyinthegovernmentHouseofLords:LifepeersandthosefromChurch—joindebatetoinfluencethecourseofgovernment.---fewpowersLawsaretherulespeopleneedtoagreeuponiftheyaretoliveinpeacetogether.法律是人们为在一起平安生活需要一致同意的规则。Legalsystem:法律制度或法律系统，包括法的渊源，法院系统和律师界。Healsoseesthatthetrialisproperlyrun…seethat:注意、必须要保证V.After-readingactivities.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext:1.Whatislaw?2.Whatiscourt?3.Whatiscrime?4.Isthereanydifferencebetweenacrimeandanoffence?5.HowdolawyersearntheirlivingsintheWest?6.Canapolicearrestpeopleashelikes?7.Whatare“open”prisons?8.Whenwillapersonbesenttoprison?UnitTwoTheTwoMajorlegalsystemsintheworldSuggestedTeachingPlanObjectives:Studentswillbeableto:1.Understandthemainidea(thetwomajorlegalsystemsintheworld)ofthetext;2.Mastersomerelatedlegalterms;3.Conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.Timeallotment1stperiodPre-readingactivities(familiarnewwords,backgroundinformation)2ndperiodWhilereading(highlightsofthetext)3rdperiodHighlightsofthetext4thperiodAfter-readingactivitiesTeachingMethods1.ShowPPT.2.Teachergiveslecturemainly.3.Studentsread,teacherasksquestionswithdetailedexplanation.4.AskstudentsdoPPTtodopresentation.CulturalBackgroundlegalsystemsTwomajorstructureshaveguidedthedevelopmentoflegalsysteminmostcountriesoftheworld.Theyarecommonlawandcivilorcodelaw.TheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,andotherEnglish-speakingcountrieshaveacommon-lawsystem.Mostothercountrieshaveacivil-lawsystem.Manycountriescombinefeaturesofbothsystems.Common-lawsystemsarebasedlargelyoncaselaw---thatis,oncourtdecisions.DetailedreadingPre-readingtasks1.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutThetwomajorlegalsystems?2.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheCommonLawsystemandCivil-LawSystem?ContentsLegalSystemEveryindependentcountryhasitsownlegalsystem.Eachsituationcallsforthaparticularinteractionofthelegalsystem'smanyelements,notonlyrulesandinstitutions,butalsopeopleandtheirbehavior.Common-lawsystem:普通法系又称英美法系，是指以英国普通法为基础发展起来的法律的总称。它首先产生于英国，后扩大到曾经是英国殖民地、附属国的许多国家和地区，包括美国、加拿大、印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉、马来西亚、新加坡、澳大利亚、新西兰以及非洲的个别国家和地区。到18世纪至19世纪时，随着英国殖民地的扩张，英国法被传入这些国家和地区，英美法系终于发展成为世界主要法系之一。Civil-lawsystem：大陆法系又称民法法系、罗马－日耳曼法系或成文法系。在西方法学著作中多称民法法系,中国法学著作中惯称大陆法系。指包括欧洲大陆大部分国家从19世纪初以罗马法为基础建立起来的、以1804年《法国民法典》和1896年《德国民法典》为代表的法律制度以及其他国家或地区仿效这种制度而建立的法律制度。它是西方国家中与英美法系并列的渊源久远和影响较大的法系。ThedifferencebetweenthetwolegalsystemsCommon-lawsystemsarebasedlargelyoncaselaw---thatis,oncourtdecisions.Thecommon-lawsystembeganinEnglandmanyhundredsofyearsago.TheEnglishcalledtheirsystemthecommonlawbecauseitappli