法律英语课件 (3)

2019/8/19法律英语1LessonSixAdministrativeLaw2019/8/19法律英语2Lawsaregenerallyfoundtobenetsofsuchatexture,asthelittlecreepthrough,thegreatbreakthrough,andthemiddle-sizedarealoneentangledin.–WilliamShensto,Britishpoet人们通常会发现，法律就是这样的一种网，触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过，大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠入网中。–英国诗人申斯通W2019/8/19法律英语3BackgroundAdministrativelawisbrokenintoseveralinterrelatedparts.Theyare:administrativerules,regulationsandproceduresforgovernmentagenciesandbodies;thescopeofagencyauthority,inparticularindividualprivacy;andenforcementpowersofagencies.2019/8/19法律英语4Threeconcerns:Theproceduresemployedby“agencies”ineffecting“agencyaction”JudicialreviewofthoseactionsSpecialproceduresrelatingtothehandlingandreleaseofinformationinthegovernment’spossession2019/8/19法律英语5Neitheracourtnoralegislaturenoranelectedchiefexecutivecanbean“agency”.法院、立法机构和行政长官都不构成“行政机关”。“Agency”includeseveryadministrativeunitexercisingpublicauthority行使公共权力的行政单位构成行政机关。2019/8/19法律英语6AgencyactionAdministrativeprocedurelegislation——relativelyformalproceduresofadjudication,rulemaking–正式判决、规章制定Federalagencyaction——grant,denial,orfailuretoactupon……2019/8/19法律英语7ModelStateAdministrativeProcedureAct行政行为包括自由地履行或不履行职责、职能和行为2019/8/19法律英语8例外传统的刑事诉讼、传统的民事诉讼、严格意义上的政治行为CriminallawproceedingsCivillitigationPoliticalactsAdministrativelawGrab-bagforallgovernmentactionsaffectingprivatepersons……___thoseofthecriminallawortheordinarycivillawasadministeredbycourts……Canbeconnectedwithpublicadministration2019/8/19法律英语10ThecentraltasksofadministrativelawAssuringthecontrolaswellastheeffectivenessofgovernment行政法的主要任务是确保对政府的控制，并保证政府的工作效率。2019/8/19法律英语11ParadigmaticproceduresParadigmaticrelationshipwithoverseers标准程序、标准关系Cananddovarytomeettheneedsofparticularsituations标准程序以及与监督机构之间的标准关系并非一成不变。2019/8/19法律英语12SketchymodelsFormaladjudication正式裁决Informaladjudication非正式裁决Formalrulemaking正式规章制定Informalrulemaking非正式规章制定Interpretation解释Inspection监督2019/8/19法律英语13FormaladjudicationResembleaciviltrialConductbeforeanadministrativelawjudgeoragencyAstrictseparationoffunctionswithinanagencyTheresultsofformaladjudicationaregenerallyreviewedbycourtsHearing——听证会2019/8/19法律英语14InformaladjudicationThetakingdecisionsbybureaucraticroutine通过政治程序作出非正式裁决judicialreviewisrelativelypermissive2019/8/19法律英语15FormalrulemakingTodetermineastatute-likenormforfutureapplication确定准法律规范的程序Nostrictseparation(differsfromformaladjudication)HearingJudicialreview2019/8/19法律英语16InformalrulemakingTheordinaryprocedureforgeneratingstatute-likenorms.……initiatedbyanoticeoftheproposedactionWrittencommentsOralhearings2019/8/19法律英语17InformalrulemakingTheagencyexplainitsbasisandpurposeDecisionistakenbureaucraticallyJudicialreviewFullforceofstatutorylaw2019/8/19法律英语18InterpretationGeneratingandannouncingagencyinterpretationsofapplicablenormsGeneratedinternallyorinresponsetoarequestNoprocedureisrequiredDonotformallybindpersonsoutsidetheagencyBeregardedaspersuasivebythecourts2019/8/19法律英语19InspectionDirectphysicalviewbyaqualifiedgovernmentofficialAsubstituteforadjudicationproceduresDeterminetheexistenceornotofconditionswarrantingformaladministrativeaction