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1英语语法——主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：therebe＋句型;or;either…or；nor;neither…nor；whether…or；not…but;notonly…butalso;等。e.g.①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。④Notonlyyoubut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2.在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.①Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。②Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。II.非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere(意义一致)我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“Noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。英语就近原则短语1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.2=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：aswellas；（together/along）with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；including；inadditionto；apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,________visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks________tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.E-mail,aswellastelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play4.NobodybutJane________thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown5.Allbutone________herejustnow.3A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、当either...or...;neither...nor...;notonly...butalso...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6.Eitheryouortheheadmaster________theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout7.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、当“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen9.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho________inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。10.Everypossiblemeans________topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。411.________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof...(……的数目)短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当anumberof...(许多……)短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。12.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided以上仅从七个方面归纳了主谓一致的特殊情况,但在实际学习中还不止这些,希望同学们在以后的学习中对此多加留意,以不断丰富、充实其内容,为未来高考做好准备。参考答案:1—5AAABD6—10DBDBC11—13CCA