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考博英语—写作精讲课程考博英语—写作精讲主讲老师：黄培辰欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材注：讲义并非老师上课的逐字稿，请大家及时做笔记。考博英语—写作精讲课程基础部分第一节：思路和复习方法第一部分：考博写作的考核范围1.教育/就业/成功2.电讯（电视、英特网、手机、微博、网上教育）3.环保4.家庭关系/沟通/代沟/养老5.娱乐/炫富/明星代言6.发展（太空/高铁/国防/房价/农民工贡献）和文化7.科技和艺术第二部分：基本策略：1）三段还是四段2）各段的写作意图是什么：立场-阐述-反向论述-呼应首段3）思维和写作的关系4）低分作文的布局缺陷（例段）第三部分：写作流程步骤1：定立场阅读题目要求，选出题目中的关键名词，选定立场例题：Issuccessrelatedtodiligence,orgoodluck?步骤2：第二段和第三段支持立场（必要时用说理、举例、数据说理）步骤3：在第四段进行反向论证常用的“狡辩”说法：1.有些读者也许指出„考博英语—写作精讲课程2.这种说法也许有道理，但是忽略问题的另一面，实际上„3.但是也不能否认另一种可能性：4.这不现实5.与人们的常识相违背、与潮流不符6.是副产品不是主流7.是个例8.本质不同，不能混为一谈步骤4：回应第一段立场。文章第一段的最后一句应该和第四段的第一句立场一致。也许一些读者认为这样的结论保守，可它是理性的、有说服力的。）第四部分：写作思路1）第一段：芝麻开门：三至四句2）走出迷宫3）学会“狡辩”4）呼应首段第一段：芝麻开门（三句）首句：点明题目的时代、社会背景1.Currently,thereemergesaheateddiscussioninregardto…)2.Currently,aheateddiscussionistakingplaceamongthegeneralpublic,thatis,引述文章主题.3.Uptonow,afueleddebatehascenteredon….次句：用第三人称视角引出观点1.Accordingtosomeresearchers2.Someresearchersholdtheopinionthat„末句：用第一人称视角对上述观点或同意、或反对Personally,I(don’t)thinkthatsucharemarkisreasonable(well-supportedaswell.(rational,well-supported,well-founded,justified),ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.考博英语—写作精讲课程此写法的关键：加强对第二句的准备掌握十大救命词组1）重要：„beofgreatimportanceto„2)有害：„threatentodomoreharmthangood3)重视：givemorepriorityto„over„4)注意：Itisessentialthatwepaymoreattentionto„5)带来益处：bring(obtain)morebenefits„/„canbenefitthemostfrom6）解决实际问题：solvemanypracticalproblems.7)是否值得：Itisworthwhileto„8)依赖：relyon„for„9）利比弊大：Thebenefitsdefinitelyoutweightheso-calledsideeffects.10）不能被忽略：„cannotbeneglected(overlooked/ignored)第二段：走出迷宫物质金钱责任爱心方便效率作息娱乐健康安全沟通素质成功违法犯罪文化发展环保第三段：学会狡辩救命词组(1)•Somereadersofmypassagemightarguethat„•However,theyseemtooverlooktheothersideoftheissue„学会狡辩救命词组(2)•可以共存、不矛盾：theyturnouttobecompatible,andcanco-existinthesamesocialsetting.•这样的人少：thepeoplewho„arefew.这样的事情不常见：thesituationthat„考博英语—写作精讲课程arelesscommon.•不实际：„isnotonlyimpractical,butunrealisticaswell,atleastinthecurrentsocialsetting.•小概率事件：suchpeoplearefew,whilethesimilarsituationsarelesscommon.•和传统相冲突：„„seemstobecontradictorywithtraditionalideasandcommonsense学会狡辩救命词组(3)•不能因为其局限性就否定全部的价值：theyaretheside-effects（side-products/anelement）,ratherthanthemainstream.What’smore,itisunjustifiedtoignoreitscorevalue,whilehighlightingitslimitation.•本质不同，不可混为一谈：„varyintheirnatures,anditisunjustifiedtomistake„for„•即使存在矛盾，也能有效解决：Suchaconflictcanbeeffectivelyavoidedby....(handled/solved/resolved/)第四段：呼应首段果断结尾•重申主题：Tosumup,I’dliketoemphasizemyview：Despitethefactthat第三段,第二段观点.Somyadviceisthat•写一点儿废话：Myconclusionmightbesomewhattraditional,butitturnsouttoberealisticandrational.第二节：核心题材的准备体裁1：养老和爱心关注：Shouldwetakecareofparentsathome,orsendthemtoanursinghome?Currently,adiscussionistakingplaceintheChinesesociety(thegeneralpublic),thatis,shouldwesendparentstoanursinghome？SomesocialresearchersholdtheopinionthatintheChinesetradition,itisbetteriftheyaretakencareofathome.Personally,Ithinkthatthis考博英语—写作精讲课程remarkisjustified,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.Clearly,elderscanbenefitthemost,iftheylivewiththeirsonsanddaughters.Here,I’dliketosupportmyviewwiththesocialsituationinChina.Foronething,fromtheirchildren,theseoldpeoplecanobtainmoredailynecessitiessuchasfoodandclothes.Foranotherthing,theirsonsanddaughterscansupportthembyprovidingpersonalexpendituresorhousingconditions.Asaresult,responsibilityofsupportingelderscanbeeffectivelyperformed,withmoralobligationfulfilled.Inthissituation,oldpeoplecanreceivenotonlymaterialsupportbutalsospiritualcomfort.Otherwise,theywillprobablybecomelonely,anxiousanddepressed,eventhoughthereisanursinghomeavailableforthem.Somereadersmightarguethatanursinghomecanimprovemanyoldpeople’simmunesystemandphysicalhealth,soitisalsoanoptiontosendthemthere.Thisstatementdoescontainanelementoftruth,butneglecttheothersideofthisissue:atanursinghome,additionalchargesmustbepaid,forinstance,food,serviceandmedicaltreatment.EventhoughsomeChinesefamiliescanaffordtheseitemsinanursinghome,itisnotrealisticforeachChinesefamilytosendtheiragedparentsthere.Tosumup,despitesomeadvantagesofanursinghome,elderscanreceivethemostmaterialbenefitsandsolvetheirpracticalproblems,whentheylivewiththeirchildren.Somyadviceisthatchildrencarryoutmoredutytotakecareoftheirparents.Thisconclusionmightbetraditional,butitturnsouttoberealisticandrationalincurrentsocialsetting.(327words)体裁2:身心健康：Shouldchildrenplayon-linegamesintheirsparetime?Currently,adiscussionistakingplaceamongmanyChineseparents,thatis,whetheritisbeneficialfortheirchildrentoplayon-linegames.Someeducationalresearchersholdtheopinionthatitthreatenstodomoreharmthangoodforachildtoplaytoomanyon-linegames.Personally,Ithinkthisremarkisquitejustified,ascanbeseeninthefollowingparagraphs.Inmyview,thepotentialthreatofon-linegamesmustbegivenmorepriorityinmanychildren’severydaylife.Here,I’dliketosupportmyviewwiththeexperiencesofmanyChinese考博英语—写作精讲课程children,primaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinparticular.Foronething,theyalwaystakeupmuchenergyonthosegames,wastingalargeamountoftheirsparetimethatshouldhavebeenspentontheiracademicstudies.Foranotherthing,theseyoungpeopleoftenoverwork,stayin