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2020/2/261AClean,Well-LightedPLaceByEarnestHemingway2020/2/262ErnestHemingwayBiography2020/2/263•ErnestHemingway(1899-1961),borninOakPark,Illinois,startedhiscareerasawriterinanewspaperofficeinKansasCityattheageofseventeen.AftertheUnitedStatesenteredtheFirstWorldWar,hejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitintheItalianarmy.Servingatthefront,hewaswounded,wasdecorated(Toconferamedalorotherhonoron)bytheItalianGovernment,andspentconsiderabletimeinhospitals.2020/2/264Hemingway'sbirthplaceinOakPark,Illinois2020/2/265Hemingwayfishingasayoungboy.2020/2/266•AfterhisreturntotheUnitedStates,hebecameareporterforCanadianandAmericannewspapersandwassoonsentbacktoEuropetocoversucheventsastheGreekRevolution.Duringthetwenties,HemingwaybecameamemberofthegroupofexpatriateAmericansinParis,whichhedescribedinhisfirstimportantwork,TheSunAlsoRises(1926).EquallysuccessfulwasAFarewelltoArms(1929),thestudyofanAmericanambulanceofficer'sdisillusionment(幻灭)inthewarandhisroleasadeserter(逃亡者).2020/2/267TheKansasCityStarbuildingwhereHemingwaytookhisfirstjobasacubreporter.2020/2/268•HemingwayusedhisexperiencesasareporterduringthecivilwarinSpainasthebackgroundforhismostambitiousnovel,ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).Amonghislaterworks,themostoutstandingistheshortnovel,TheOldManandtheSea(1952),thestoryofanoldfisherman'sjourney,hislongandlonelystrugglewithafishandthesea,andhisvictoryindefeat.2020/2/269HemingwayandalargeblueMarlincaughtintheGulfStreamnearKeyWest.2020/2/2610•Hemingway-himselfagreatsportsman-likedtoportraysoldiers,hunters,bullfighters-tough,attimesprimitivepeoplewhosecourageandhonestyaresetagainstthebrutalwaysofmodernsociety,andwhointhisconfrontationlosehopeandfaith.Hisstraightforwardprose,hisspare(Notlavish,abundant,orexcessive俭省的、简朴的)dialogue,andhispredilection(apreference偏爱)forunderstatement(为了修辞作用而不充分的和陈述轻描淡写的陈述)areparticularlyeffectiveinhisshortstories,someofwhicharecollectedinMenWithoutWomen(1927)andTheFifthColumnandtheFirstForty-NineStories(1938).HemingwaydiedinIdahoin1961.2020/2/2611Hismajorworks•TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》，•TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照样升起》，•InOurTime•《在我们的时代里》，MENWITHOUTWOMEN•《没有女人的男人》•WINNERTAKENOTHING(1933).•《胜者无所得》，AFarewelltoArms•《永别了，武器》，2020/2/2612•ForWhomTheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而呜》，•DEATHINTHEAFTERNOON(1932),《死在午后》，•THEGREENHILLOFAFRICA(1935),•《非洲的青山》TOHAVEANDHAVENOT(1937)•《有的和没有的》，ACROSSTHERIVERANDINTOTHETREES(1950).《过河入林》，2020/2/2613Wordsandexpressions•1.After•2.Motion•3.Nasty•4.regard•5.Spill•6.Rap•7.Terrace•8.Brass•9.Pickup2020/2/26141•After:prep.Inquestorpursuitofe.g.seekafterfame追逐名誉；•goafterbigmoney追求钱财•Beafterwealth追求财富2020/2/26152•Motionv.tr.Todirectbymakingagesture:•motionedustoourseats.用手势指示我们的座位•Thebossmotionedtheaccountantin/toenter.老板示意叫会计进去。•v.intr.Tosignalbymakingagesture:示意：以手势指导：•motionedtohertoenter.示意让她进来•Shemotionedtothewaiter.他向侍者打了个手势。•gothroughthemotions•Todosomethinginamechanicalmannerindicativeofalackofinterestorinvolvement.•做…姿态：机械地做某事，显示出缺乏兴趣或投入2020/2/26163-1•Nasty:adj.Disgustinglydirty.•nastymedicine气味难闻的药•nastyweather令人不快的天气;•anasty令人生气的诡计•Seemoresynonymsonnextpage2020/2/26173-2•offensive，disgusting，loathsome，nasty，repellent，repulsive，revolting，vile•Thecentralmeaningsharedbytheseadjectivesis“extremelyunpleasanttothesensesorfeelings”:•anoffensiveremark;一句冒犯性的话；•disgustinglanguage;令人作呕的语言；•aloathsomedisease;令人讨厌的疾病；•anastysmell;一股恶心的气味；•arepellentdemand;一个让人厌恶的要求；•repulsivebehavior;讨厌的举动；•revoltingfood;令人作呕的食物；•vilethoughts.可耻的想法2020/2/26184•Regard•1)n.Carefulthoughtorattention;heed:•Shegiveslittleregardtoherappearance.她不太注重外表•2)N.Aparticularpointoraspect;respect•Shewasluckyinthatregard.在那方面她很幸运•3)N.Respect,affection,oresteem:尊敬，喜爱，敬重：•Hehashighregardforyourwork.他十分敬重你的工作•Cf.regardsGoodwishesexpressingsuchsentiment:•Givethefamilymybestregards.祝您全家幸福2020/2/26195•Spillv.Tocauseorallow(asubstance)torunorfalloutofacontainer.•Ispiltthecoffee-itspiltallovermybook.•我洒了咖啡，溅了我一书。•Fansspilledontotheplayingfield.•足迷们纷纷涌上赛场•spilledthearmloadofbooksonthedesk.•将怀中所抱之书散落在桌子上•Cf.spiltwatercannotbegatheredupagain•Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk覆水难收2020/2/26206•Rapvt.Tohitsharplyandswiftly;strike:•rappedthetablewithhisfist.用拳头重击桌子•v.intr.Tostrikeaquick,lightblow:•rappedonthedoor.敲门•arap(n.)onthedoor轻轻的敲门声•beattherap【俚语】•Toescapepunishmentorbeacquittedofacharge.•逃脱惩罚，免于起诉•taketherap【俚语】•Toacceptpunishmentortaketheblameforanoffenseorerror.•接受处罚：接受惩罚或因为冒犯或错误而接受批评2020/2/26217•Terracen.Aplatformextendingoutdoorsfromafloorofahouseoranapartmentbuilding.阳台：从一座房子或公寓式建筑延伸出室外的平台e.g.Wesatontheterraceintheevening.•晚上我们坐在平台上。2020/2/26228•Brass•Ayellowishalloyofcopperandzinc,sometimesincludingsmallamountsofothermetals,butusually67percentcopperand33percentzincorOrnaments,objects,orutensilsmadeofthisalloy.•Cf.InformalBoldself-assurance;effrontery.•【非正式用语】厚颜无耻：鲁莽的自我肯定；厚颜无耻•Howdidshehavethebrass?她怎么会如此厚颜无耻？2020/2/2623Pickup9-1•Totakeintocustody:【非正式用语】监护，逮捕，拘捕：•Thecoastguardpickedupfivesmugglers.海岸检查官拘捕了五个走私犯•Seemoreusagesinthefollowingpages2020/2/2624Pickup9-2•Topackone'sbelongings:【俚语】收拾行李：收拾某人的东西：•Shejustpickedupandleft.她收拾了一下行李就走了•Totunein收听•