sat修辞题

SAT阅读修辞题Lisa主要修辞方法介绍：•literaryallusion•文学暗示：Allusion暗示在文学里随机提到一个人、地点、事件或其他文学作品，往往没有给出明显的证明。•InthestockmarkethemethisWaterloo.主要修辞方法介绍：•historicalresearch•历史研究：Historicalresearchistheprocessofsystematicallyexaminingpasteventstogiveanaccountofwhathashappenedinthepast.主要修辞方法介绍：•personalvoice•个人声音：Voicereferstothoseaspectsofapieceofwritingthatgiveitapersonalflavour.•IamahereticaboutLinnaeus.Idonotdisputethevalueofthetoolhegavenaturalscience,butIamwaryaboutthechangeithaseffectedonhumans'relationshiptotheworld.OG6•7.UnliketheauthorofPassage1,theauthorofPassage2makesuseof•(A)scientificdata•(B)literaryallusion•(C)historicalresearch•(D)personalvoice•(E)directcitation•Passage1•Theeighteenth-centurybotanistCarolusLinnaeus'enormousandessentialcontributiontonaturalhistorywastodeviseasystemofclassificationwherebyanyplantoranimalcouldbeidentifiedandslottedintoSanoverallplan.YetLinnaeushimselfwouldprobablyhavebeenthefirsttoadmitthatclassificationisonlyatool,andnottheultimatepurpose,ofbiologicalinquiry.Unfortunately,thistruthwasnotapparenttohisimmediatesuccessors,whoforthenexthundred10yearsweretoconcernthemselvesalmostexclusivelywithclassification.•Passage2•IamahereticaboutLinnaeus.Idonotdisputethevalueofthetoolhegavenaturalscience,butIamwaryaboutthechangeithaseffectedonhumans'relationshiptotheworld.FromLinnaeuson,muchofsciencehasbeendevotedtosortingmassesintoindividualentitiesandarrangingtheentitiesneatly.Thecostofhavingsosuccessfullyitemizedandpigeonholednatureistolimitcertainpossibilitiesofseeingandapprehending.Forexample,themodernhumanthinksthatheorshecanbestunderstandatree(oraspeciesoftree)byexaminingasingletree.Buttreesarenotintendedtogrowinisolation.Theyaresocialcreatures,andtheirsocietyinturnsupportsotherspeciesofplants,insects,birds,mammals,andmicro-organisms,ailofwhichmakeupthewholeexperienceofthewoods.OG6•7.UnliketheauthorofPassage1,theauthorofPassage2makesuseof•(A)scientificdata•(B)literaryallusion•(C)historicalresearch•(D)personalvoice•(E)directcitationOG6•7.UnliketheauthorofPassage1,theauthorofPassage2makesuseof•(A)scientificdata•(B)literaryallusion•(C)historicalresearch•(D)personalvoice•(E)directcitation主要修辞方法介绍：•simile:明喻•定义：Afigureofspeechinwhichtwoessentiallyunlikethingsarecompared.•明喻是一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较.•例子：•1.Heissomethingofapoliticalchameleon.他有点象政治上的变色龙•2.Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybookoffairytalesandhadpassedmelikeaspirit.•他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。主要修辞方法介绍：•metaphor：隐喻•定义：Afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison.•用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物•例子：•1.Hehasaheartofstone.他有一颗铁石心肠•2.Thediamonddepartmentwastheheartandcenterofthestore.•钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。主要修辞方法介绍：•synecdoche：提喻•定义：又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。例如：•1、TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyofstonesandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.•长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。•句中的“thefleshandblood”喻为“thegreatsacrifice”（巨大的牺牲）主要修辞方法介绍：•synecdoche：提喻•2、“...sayingthatitwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,...”•⋯⋯他说这是世界上最美的语言。•这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。•3、Manyeyesturnedtoatall,20—yearblackgirlontheU.S.team.•很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。•这里的“manyeyes”代替了“manypersons”。主要修辞方法介绍：•understatement：低调的陈述•定义：Afigureofspeechwhichcontainsanunderstatementofemphasis,andthereforetheoppositeofhyperbole.Oftenusedineverydayspeechandusuallywithlaconicorironicintentions.•这种修辞格是故意使用有节制的措辞来陈述事实，故意轻描淡写，借低调与弱化语言形式来表示强调。主要修辞方法介绍：•例子：•1.Iknowheishonest,andIwishIcouldaddhewerecapable.•我知道他是诚实的，我还希望我能说他是能干的。•此句也是用虚拟语气来体现understatement，Icouldaddhewerecapable其实是在说“但他不够能干”。•2.Thefacewasn’tabadone;ithadwhattheycalledcharm.•面孔不算难看，有一般人所称的妩媚。•此句不是冲淡她的魅力，而是采用低调渲染，意即Thefacewassweet;hercharmconqueredeverybody.明似贬抑，实则褒扬.主要修辞方法介绍：•anecdote趣闻，轶事•定义：Ananecdoteisashortandamusingbutseriousaccount,whichmaydepictareal/fakeincidentorcharacter.•15.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph(lines29-37)?•(A)Understatement•(B)Personification•(C)Analogy•(D)Metaphor•(E)Anecdote•例一：Paragraph4(line29-37):YawningcanalsobeaSignofstressinhumans.Once,whenobservingairbornetroopsabouttotaketheirfirstparachutejump,Inoticedthatseveralofthesoldiersweresittingintheplaneandyawning.Itwas10A.M.,justafteraresearchisatime-consumingcoffeebreak,andIdoubtedthattheyweretired;Iknewforafactthattheywerefartoonervoustobebored.WhenIaskedaboutthis,theofficerinchargelaughedandsaiditprimarilywasreallyquiteacommonbehavior,especiallyonthefirstjump.•15.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph(lines29-37)?•(A)Understatement•(B)Personification•(C)Analogy•(D)Metaphor•(E)Anecdote•15.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph(lines29-37)?•(A)Understatement•(B)Personification•(C)Analogy•(D)Metaphor•(E)Anecdote主要修辞方法介绍：•sarcasm:讽刺•定义：Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked•例子：•1.Lawsarelikecobwebs,whichmaycatchsmallflies,butletwaspsbreakthrough•法律就像是蜘蛛网，只能抓住小飞虫，轻易让大黄蜂一冲即破。•2.Behindeverysuccessfulman,thereisawoman.Andbehindevery，unsuccessfulman,thereare