Review on thermal energy storage with phase change

ReviewReviewonthermalenergystoragewithphasechange:materials,heattransferanalysisandapplicationsBel
eenZalbaa,1,Jos
eeMaMar
ıına,LuisaF.Cabezab,*,HaraldMehlingc,2aDpto.Ingenier
ııaMec
aanica,CampusPoliteecnico,UniversidaddeZaragoza,EUITIZ‘‘EDIFICIOB.3’’Mar
ııadeLuna3(Actur),50015Zaragoza,SpainbDpt.d’InformaaticaiEnginyeriaIndustrial,Escola,UniversitaariaPoliteecnica,UniversitatdeLleida,CREA,JaumeII,69,25001Lleida,SpaincZAEBayern,Division1:EnergyConversionandStorage,Walther-Meissner-Str.6,85748Garching,GermanyAccepted11October2002AbstractThermalenergystorageingeneral,andphasechangematerials(PCMs)inparticular,havebeenamaintopicinresearchforthelast20years,butalthoughtheinformationisquantitativelyenormous,itisalsospreadwidelyintheliterature,anddifficulttofind.Inthiswork,areviewhasbeencarriedoutofthehistoryofthermalenergystoragewithsolid–liquidphasechange.Threeaspectshavebeenthefocusofthisreview:materials,heattransferandapplications.Thepapercontainslistedover150materialsusedinresearchasPCMs,andabout45commerciallyavailablePCMs.Thepaperlistsover230references.
2002ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:PCM,phasechangematerials;LTES,latentthermalenergystorage;HeattransferContents1.Introduction..........................................................2522.Phasechangematerials...................................................2532.1.Classification.....................................................253*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].E-mailaddresses:[e-mail](B.Zalba),[e-mail](L.F.Cabeza),[e-mail](H.Mehling).1Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone]Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].1359-4311/02/$-seefrontmatter
2002ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.PII:S1359-4311(02)00192-8AppliedThermalEngineering23(2003)251–283fferentheatexchangergeometries..............2683.2.Heattransferenhancement............................................2694.Applications..........................................................2694.1.Icestorage.......................................................2704.2.Conservationandtransportoftemperaturesensitivematerials..................2714.3.Buildingapplications................................................2714.4.PCMtanksvs.watertanks...........................................2724.5.Otherapplications..................................................2725.Summary.............................................................273Acknowledgements.........................................................274References...............................................................2741.IntroductionThermalenergystorage(TES)ingeneral,andphasechangematerialsinparticular,havebeenamaintopicinresearchforthelast20years,butalthoughtheinformationisquantitativelyenormous,itisalsospreadwidelyintheliterature,anddifficulttofind.Theworkdescribedbelowfallswithinanareaofinternationalinterestasitdealswithenergysaving,theefficientandrationaluseofavailableresourcesandtheoptimumuseofrenewableenergies.Withinthisframework,TESprovidessolutionsinveryspecificareas:•Thetimedelayandavailablepowerbetweenproductionoravailabilityofenergyanditscon-sumptioninreceivingsystems(solarenergy,cogeneration,etc.)•Securityofenergysupply(hospitals,computercentres,etc.)•ThermalinertiaandthermalprotectionInthefirstcase,applicationsrelatedwiththeuseofrenewableenergiesarecommon,inpar-ticulartheuseofsolarenergyamongothers,althoughapplicationsarealsofoundincogeneration252B.Zalbaetal./AppliedThermalEngineering23(2003)251–283equipmentorininstallationswithreducedpricesforelectricalenergyconsumedduringoff-peakhours.Nowadays,securityofenergysupplyisoftenachievedwithextraequipment.Theuseofphasechangematerials(PCMs)couldeitheravoidorreducethisextraequipment.Asitwillbeseenlaterinthispaper,thermalinertiaandthermalprotectionistheareawherethePCMshaveachievedahigherpenetrationinthemarket.ThispaperprovidesareviewofstudiesdealingwithTESusingphasechangematerials.Thematerialinthisreviewhasbeenarrangedwithinthemainarea