美国概况之十大标志性建筑_中英文介绍

美国十大标志性建筑1.TheEmpireStateBuildingTheEmpireStateBuildingTheEmpireStateBuildingisa102-storyArtDecoskyscraperinNewYorkCityattheintersectionofFifthAvenueandWest34thStreet.ItsnameisderivedfromthenicknameforthestateofNewYork.Itstoodastheworld'stallestbuildingformorethanfortyyears,fromitscompletionin1931untilconstructionoftheWorldTradeCenter'sNorthTowerwascompletedin1972.FollowingthedestructionoftheWorldTradeCenterin2001,theEmpireStateBuildingagainbecamethetallestbuildinginNewYorkCityandNewYorkState.TheEmpireStateBuildinghasbeennamedbytheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersasoneoftheSevenWondersoftheModernWorld.ThebuildinganditsstreetfloorinterioraredesignatedlandmarksoftheNewYorkCityLandmarksPreservationCommission,andconfirmedbytheNewYorkCityBoardofEstimate.[3]ItwasdesignatedasaNationalHistoricLandmarkin1986.In2007,itwasrankednumberoneontheListofAmerica'sFavoriteArchitectureaccordingtotheAIA.ThebuildingisownedandmanagedbyW&HProperties.2.GrandCentralTerminalNewYorkcentraltrainstationislocatedinthecenteroftheUnitedStatesofManhattan,foundedin1903,officiallyopenedinFebruary2,1913.NewYorkcentraltrainstationiscomposedoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaRailwayKingVanderbiltfamilybuilding,isafamousNewYorklandmark,isapublicartgallery.Itisthelargestintheworld,theUnitedStatesofAmerica'sbusiesttrainstation,atthesametimeitisthetrafficinthecentralNewYorkrailwayandthesubway.3.MountRushmoreMountRushmoreisamemorialtothebirth，growth，preservationanddevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.GutzonBorglumsculptedbustsofPresidentsGeorgeWashington，ThomasJefferson，TheodoreRoosevelt，andAbrahamLincolnhighintheBlackHillstorepresentthefirst150yearsofAmericanhistory.TheprimaryresourceatMountRushmoreisthegranitesculptureitself，butalsoofinterestistheSculptor'sStudiobuiltunderthedirectionofSculptorGutzonBorglumin1939.Uniqueplastermodelsandtoolsrelatedtothesculptingprocessaredisplayedinthestudio.4.TheWhiteHouseForalmosttwohundredyears,theWhiteHousehasstoodasasymbolofthePresidency,theUnitedStatesgovernment,andtheAmericanpeople.Itshistory,andthehistoryofthenation'scapital,beganwhenPresidentGeorgeWashingtonsignedanActofCongressinDecemberof1790declaringthatthefederalgovernmentwouldresideinadistrictnotexceedingtenmilessquare...ontheriverPotomac.PresidentWashington,togetherwithcityplannerPierreL'Enfant,chosethesiteforthenewresidence,whichisnow1600PennsylvaniaAvenue.Aspreparationsbeganforthenewfederalcity,acompetitionwasheldtofindabuilderofthePresident'sHouse.Nineproposalsweresubmitted,andIrish-bornarchitectJamesHobanwonagoldmedalforhispracticalandelegantdesign.5.TheStatueofLibertyItwastobeanothertwoyearsbeforeitcouldbeproperlyunveiled:moneyhadtobecollectedtofundtheconstructionofthebase,andforsomereasonAmericanswereunwilling-orunable-todipintotheirpockets.OnlythroughthecampaigningeffortsofnewspapermagnateJosephPulitzer,akeensupporterofthestatue,diditallcometogetherintheend.RichardMorrisHuntbuiltapedestalaroundtheexistingstar-shapedFortWood,andLibertywasformallydedicatedbyPresidentClevelandonOctober28,1886,inaflag-wavingshindigthathasneverreallystopped.Thestatuewasclosedforafewyearsinthemid-1980sforextensiverenovationand,in1986,fifteenmillionpeopledescendedonManhattanforthestatue'scentennialcelebrations.Thestatue,whichdepictsLibertythrowingoffhershacklesandholdingabeacontolighttheworld,wasthecreationoftheFrenchsculptorFrédéricAugusteBartholdi,whocrafteditahundredyearsaftertheAmericanRevolutioninrecognitionofsolidaritybetweentheFrenchandAmericanpeople(thoughit'sfairtoaddthatBartholdioriginallyintendedthestatueforAlexandriainEgypt).BartholdibuiltLibertyinParisbetween1874and1884,startingwithaterracottamodelandenlargingitthroughfoursuccessiveversionstoitspresentsize,aconstructionofthincoppersheetsboltedtogetherandsupportedbyanironframeworkdesignedbyGustaveEiffel.ThearmcarryingthetorchwasexhibitedinMadisonSquareParkforsevenyears,butthewholestatuewasn'tofficiallyacceptedonbehalfoftheAmericanpeopleuntil1884,afterwhichitwastakenapart,cratedupandshippedtoNewYork.Todayyoucanclimbstepsuptothecrown,butthecrampedstairwaythoughthetorchsadlyremainsclosedtothepublic.Don'tbesurprisedifthere'sanhour-longwaittoascend.Evenifthereis,LibertyPark'sviewsofthelowerManhattanskyline,thetwintowersoftheWorldTradeCenterlordingitoverthejuttingteethofNewYork'sfinancialquarter,arespectacularenough.6.WashingtonMonumentWashingtonMonumentTheMallsmostprominentfeature,theWashingtonMonumentisanunadornedmarbleobeliskbuiltinmemoryofGeorgeWashington.At555ftitsthetallestall-masonrystructureintheworld.Volunteersstartedworkonitin1848,butvariousinternalarguments,andlatertheCivilWar,sodisruptedconstructionthatitwasntcompleteduntil1884.WhentheUSGovernmenttookovertheprojectin1876,theyusedmarblefromaslightlydifferentsource;thetransitionlinewhereworkresumedatthe150ftlevelisreadilyapparent.Tovisitthemonumentpickupafreeticketfromthe15thStkiosk(ontheMall,southofConstitutionAve),whichallowsyoutoturnupatafixedtimelaterintheday.Theelevatoruptakesseventysecondsanddepositsyouatthe500ftlevelinordertoenjoythemonumentspanora