I基于TL494的DC-DC开关电源设计摘要随着电子技术的高速发展,电子系统的应用领域越来越广泛,电子设备的种类也越来越多,电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切。近年来,随着功率电子器件(如IGBT、MOSFET)、PWM技术及开关电源理论的发展,新一代的电源开始逐步取代传统的电源电路。该电路具有体积小,控制方便灵活,输出特性好、纹波小、负载调整率高等特点。开关电源中的功率调整管工作在开关状态,具有功耗小、效率高、稳压范围宽、温升低、体积小等突出优点,在通信设备、数控装置、仪器仪表、视频音响、家用电器等电子电路中得到广泛应用。开关电源的高频变换电路形式很多,常用的变换电路有推挽、全桥、半桥、单端正激和单端反激等形式。本论文采用双端驱动集成电路——TL494输的PWM脉冲控制器设计小汽车中的音响供电电源,利用MOSFET管作为开关管,可以提高电源变压器的工作效率,有利于抑制脉冲干扰,同时还可以减小电源变压器的体积。关键词:IGBT,PWM,推挽电路,半桥电路,单端正激IIBASEDONTHEDC-DCTL494SWITCHINGPOWERSUPPLYABSTRACTWiththerapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnology,electronicsystems,moreandmoreextensiveapplications,thetypesofelectronicequipment,moreandmoreelectronicequipmentandpeopleworkandlivecloserandcloser.Inrecentyears,withthepowerelectronicdevices(suchasIGBT,MOSFET),PWMswitchingpowersupplytechnologyanddevelopmentofthetheory,anewgenerationofpowerbegantograduallyreplacethetraditionalpowersupplycircuits.Thecircuitissmall,flexibletocontroltheoutputcharacteristicsofagood,ripple,loadadjustmentrateandsoon.Switchingpowersupplyinthepoweradjustmentcontrolworkintheoffstate,withlowpowerconsumption,highefficiency,widevoltagerange,lowtemperaturerise,andotheroutstandingadvantagesofsmallsize,thecommunicationequipment,CNCequipment,Instrumentation,videoaudio,homeappliancessowidelyusedinelectroniccircuits.Highfrequencyconverterswitchingpowersupplysomanyformsofcommonlyusedwithpush-pullconverter,fullbridge,halfbridge,single-endedforwardandtheformofsingle-endedflyback.Inthisthesis,two-sidedriverIC-TL494PWMpulseoutputofthecontrollerdesigncaraudiopowersupplyinuseasaswitchMOSFET,canimprovetheefficiencyofthepowertransformer,isconducivetoimpulsenoisesuppression,butalsocanreducethesizeofthepowertransformer.KEYWORDS:IGBT,MOSFET,Push-pullcircuit,Halfbridgecircuit,Single-endedforwardIII目录前言................................................................................................1第1章开关电源基础技术...............................................................21.1开关电源概述.......................................................................21.1.1开关电源的工作原理..................................................21.1.2开关电源的组成.........................................................31.1.3开关电源的特点.........................................................31.2开关电源的分类...................................................................41.3电源电路组成.......................................................................41.4开关电源典型结构................................................................51.4.1串联开关电源结构......................................................51.4.2并联开关电源结构......................................................61.5电力场效应晶体管MOSFET...............................................71.6开关电源的技术指标...........................................................8第2章开关变换电路.....................................................................102.1推挽开关变换电路.............................................................102.1.1推挽开关变换基本电路............................................102.1.2自激推挽式变换器...................................................112.2半桥变换电路.....................................................................142.3正激变换电路.....................................................................152.4DC/DC升压模块设计.........................................................16第3章双端驱动集成电路TL494..................................................193.1TL494简介..........................................................................193.2TL494的工作原理..............................................................203.3TL494内部电路..................................................................203.31TL494管脚功能及参数..............................................223.4TL494构成的PWM控制器电路........................................23第4章TL494在汽车音响供电电源中的应用.............................254.1汽车音响电源简述.............................................................25IV4.2汽车音响供电电源的组成.................................................274.2.1TL494的辅助电路设计.............................................274.2.2主电路的设计...........................................................29结论................................................................................................30参考文献..........................................................................................31致谢................................................................................................33附录................................................................................................34外文资料翻译..................................................................................351前言电源是实现电能变换和功率传递的主要设备、在信息时代,农业、能源、交通运输、信息、国防教育等领域的迅猛发展,对电源产业提出了更多、更高的要求,如:节能、节电、节材、缩体、减重、环保、可靠、安全等。这就迫使电源工作者在电源研发过程中不断探索,寻求各种相关技术,做出最好的电源产品,以满足各行各业的要求。开关电源是一种新型电源设备,较之于传统的线性电源,其技术含量高,耗能低,使用方便,并取得了较好的经济效益。随着电力电子技术的高速发展,电力电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切,而电子设备都离不开可靠的电源,进入80年代计算机电源全面实现了开关电源化,率先完成计算机的电源换代,进入90年代开关电源相继进入各种电子、电器设备领域,程控交换机、通讯、电子检测设备电源、控制设备电源等都已广泛地使用了开关电源,更促进了开关电源技术的迅速发展。开关电源是利用现代电力电子技术,控制开关晶体管开通和关断的时间比率,维持稳定输出电压的一种电源,开关电源一般由脉冲宽度调制(PWM)控制IC和MOSFET构成。开关电源和线性电源相比,二者的成本都随着输出功率的增加而增长,但二者增长速率各异。线性电源成本在某一输出功率点上,