中考考点之虚拟语气

成都戴氏教育三台总校地址：绵阳三台新西街新华大厦2楼电话：0816-60617766061778中考考点之虚拟语气教学目标：学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。教学内容：一、定义：虚拟语气：用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不是表客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。e.g：IfIwereyou,Iwouldtellhimthetruth.e.g：IfIhadaplane,Icouldflytoschooleverymorning.二、分类If条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气宾语从句中虚拟语气其他情况的虚拟语气1.If条件句中的虚拟语气e.g：IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould/weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.虚拟语气主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形与过去相反的事实的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should,would,might,could+havedone与将来相反的事实的假设1.If+主语+动词过去式2.If+主语+wereto+动词原形3.If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形与现在事实相反：e.g：Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.与将来事实相反：e.g：Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.成都戴氏教育三台总校地址：绵阳三台新西街新华大厦2楼电话：0816-60617766061778Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.与过去事实相反：e.g：IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.（1）在条件句中，可省略if,把were,had,should,提到句首，变为倒装句式。e.g：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavenotgoclimbing.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气（1）Wish后面的宾语从句。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。主要有三种情况：A.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。e.g：IwishIhadyourbrains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)B.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+donee.g：IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.我希望我那时就知道这件事的真相。（事实是那时还不知道。）IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)C.表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would(情态动词)+动词原形e.g：IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实是很难再有的机会。）Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：e.g：Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)成都戴氏教育三台总校地址：绵阳三台新西街新华大厦2楼电话：0816-60617766061778Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)（2）一想要（desire);一宁愿（prefer）;二命令（order,common）;三建议（advise,suggest,propose/recommend);四要求（demand,require,request,ask,insist），无论是主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用“should+do”。Should可以省略。e.g：Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明”讲时，insist表示“坚持认为”之意，应用陈述语气。e.g：Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.3.其他情况的虚拟语气（1）Itis(high/about)timethat...表示：“早该做某事了”，从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形，should不能省略。e.g：Itishightimethatyoudid/shoulddosports.It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.（2）Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是......改有多好啊）表示现在的情况，用过去时；表示过去的情况，用过去完成时。e.g：IonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday.（3）Wouldrather+从句（动词用过去式或过去完成时）e.g：Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.（4）asif(asthough)看起来，常用虚拟形式，表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。成都戴氏教育三台总校地址：绵阳三台新西街新华大厦2楼电话：0816-60617766061778e.g：Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit.（5）evenif(eventhough)即使e.g：Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.（6）情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以...mighthavedone本来可能...should/oughttohavedone本来应该做...shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不应该做...youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做...wouldhavedone本来回去做...虚拟语气练习(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.A.beB.wasC.wereD.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(3)today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave(4).IfJonetomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?A.werenottocomeB.willnotcomeC.wouldnotcomeD.hadnotcome(5).---“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?”---“Youmeantosay,youwould'vehelpedher?”A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyouC.hadsheaskedyouC.wereshetoaskyou(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.A.mighthavediedB.mightdieC.woulddieD.coulddie成都戴氏教育三台总校地址：绵阳三台新西街新华大厦2楼电话：0816-60617766061778(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalkC.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk(8).IfIlivedinthecity,Itravealincrowededbuses,butItoseelotsoffilms.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad(10).Iknowit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.HaveB.IfC.HadD.Having(11).yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor(12).---“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”---“Onlythatifheamillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecomeC.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome(13).---“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”---“IwouldhaveIdidn'thavethemoney.”A.stillB.butC.otherwiseD.or(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong.”A.goesB.wouldgoC.goD.went(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweeknights.A.notwatchB.mustnottowatchC.notbewatchingD.havenotwatch(16).Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.A.canB.couldC.hadD.speak(17).---“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?