初中英语语法上海中考虚拟语气

上海中考英语备考训练1/4上海中考英语语法拓展：虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的条件句形式英语的动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用在条件或让步状语从句中，表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等,；一是在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议。条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，用陈述语气。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在条件句中：1，与过去相反的假设：条件句：If+主语+haddone主句：主语＋should,would,might,could+havedoneShewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.2,与现在事实相反的假设:条件句：If+主语+did,动词be用were主句：主语+should,would,might,coulddo3，与将来相反的假设：条件句：If+主语+did,动词be用wereIf+主语+weretodo；If+主语+shoulddo主句：主语+should,would,might,coulddo,Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.4.混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句或错综时间条件句。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Eventhoughithadn’trained,wecan’tgettherebytomorrow.条件虚拟主句真实。二、虚拟语气that+主语+(should)do结构下列情形下that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：shoulddo，should可以省略。表过去用shouldhavedone.1，主语从句：1）在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce．It'sstrangethatheshouldsayso.这类的形容词还有possible,probable,urgent等。2)在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required加that句型中，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.ItisrequestedthatProfessorLiu（should）giveusalecture．3)在Itisapity/ashame/nowonder/suggestion/surprisethat…..句型中，表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.也可用陈述语气，2，宾语从句:在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，作为suggest,request,demand,ask,arrange等动词的宾语。suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。上海中考英语备考训练2/4Theteachersuggestedthatweshouldcleantheblackboardafterclass.Heinsistedthatallofusbethereontimebyanymeans.Thedoctorsuggestedthathenotgothere．Iinsistedthathewasright.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.3，表语从句和同位语从句：在suggestion/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中。MyadviceisthatyoushouldpracticespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.（同位语）三、虚拟语气的其他用法1，在Itis(high/about)timethat…从句中，谓语动词did或shoulddo，should不能省略．It’shightimewewenttothelaboratory.Itistimeweleft（shouldleave）.2，wish的宾语从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。Wish的宾语从句的谓语动词用did表现在，用could（would，might）do表将来；用haddone或could（would，might）havedone表过去。IwishIwereabird.Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.Iwishyouhadcalledyesterday．3，wouldrather从句，表示宁愿、但愿之意。用did表现在和将来，用haddone表过去。IwouldratherIhadn’tseenthatfilmyesterday.如后非从句，用do表现在和将来，用havedone表过去。Iwouldratherhaveseenthatfilmyesterday.4，有些动词，如think,expect,believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形，表意外。Ineverthoughtheshouldrefuse.Shedidnotexpectthatyoushouldcome.5，虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望:Godblessyou!Sobeitthen.四、连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyounothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.Shouldtheyattackus,we’llwipethemoutcompletely.选择填空1.IfI_______you,I’djointhearmy.A.amB.wasC.wereD.wouldbe2.“Ifthesun______tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?”A.willnotriseB.wouldnotriseC.didnotriseD.doesnotrise3.Ifyou______toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?A.areB.willbegoingC.mustD.were4.Iwouldhavesaid“Hello”tohimifI______yourbrother.A.couldseeB.hadseenC.willseeD.willhaveseen5.Ifyouhadwantedtobuyarecord,what________?A.wouldyoubuyB.hadyoubought上海中考英语备考训练3/4C.wouldyouhaveboughtD.wouldyoubebuying6.Ifthetabletshaddissolved,John______.A.wouldprobablydieB.hadprobablydiedC.probablywouldbediedD.wouldprobablyhavedied7.________ifyouhadlostyourwatch?A.Hadn’tyoubeenupsetB.Wouldn’tyoubeupsetC.Weren’tyouupsetD.Wouldn’tyouhaveupset8.-----“IwassosorrytohearaboutJack.”-----“Ifhehadmademorefriendshere,hemight________.”A.havestayedB.havestayC.stayedD.stay9.IfIhadabike,I______ittoyouyesterday.A.wouldhavelentB.wouldlendC.wouldhavelendD.couldlend10.____________,Johnwouldnothavefailed.A.IfhehaslistenedtomeB.HadhelistenedtomeC.IfhelistenedtomeD.Ashelistenedtome11.HadAlicebeenmorehardworking,she________.A.hadnotfailedB.wouldnothavefailedC.wouldnotfailD.couldnotbefailed12.-----“Stevemadeareservationalready.”-----“______hechangehismind,hecancancelit.”A.ShouldB.WouldC.IfD.So13.Iwishedit_______butitdid.A.occurrednotB.didnotoccurC.hadnotoccurredD.wouldnotoccur14.I_______ProfessorJoneshadtaughtmethisequation.A.believeB.deeplythinkC.wishD.suppose15.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_____aroundtheearth.A.circlesB.iscirclingC.becirclingD.werecircling16.Thecomputer“teacher”wastalkingwithhisstudentsasthoughit______ahumanteacher.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.be17.Janeappearsasthoughshe_______thesecret.A.knowsB.knewC.hasknownD.hadknown18.Ifonlyshe_______ofAuntRuth!A.wasnotterriblysofrightenedB.werenotterriblysofrightenedC.benotsoterriblyfrightenedD.werenotsoterriblyfrightened19.-----“IthinkthattheSmithswereembarrassedbyJane’sgenerosity.”-----“Sheinsisted______itasagift.”A.nothemtoacceptB.theiracceptingC.thattheyacceptD.thattheyaccepted20.Thechairmanrequestedthat__________.A.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullyB.theproblemweremorecarefullystudiedC.theproblemcouldbestudiedwithmorecareD.themembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully21.-----“DidKa