U13we'retryingtosavetheearth1relateto2playapartin=playarolein3cutdown裁断,减少cutoffcutincutupinstead副词。代替/而不是,位于句首或句尾。insteadof介词短语,接名词/代词/动名词。whataniceday!weshouldgosightseeing_______watchingTVinthehotel.A.becauseB.insteadC.insteadofD.outofhearofhearabouthearfrom=give/receivealetterfromsbHaveyou_____theGreatWallA.heardB.listenedtoC.heardofD.heardfrombeharmfulto=doharmto/bebadforsofar=uptothistime完成时第一部分基础知识归纳梳理第一节初中常用单词、词组辨析名词类单词、词组辨析★1.advice,suggestion【解析】两者均为名词,其意义基本一致,都表示“建议”。区别在于:(1)advice多指“忠告、劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an,many,afew等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some,much,apieceof等直接修饰。常见搭配有givesomeadvice,askforadvice等。(2)suggestion多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a,some,many,afew等直接修饰,有复数形式。常见搭配有giveasuggestion,makeasuggestion等。附:advise与suggest分别为advice,suggestion的动词,意为“向……建议”。【举例】Thelawyergavemesomehelpfuladvice.律师给了我一些有用的建议。Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonhowtosolvetheproblemproperly?关于如何妥当地解决这个问题,你有什么建议吗?【应用】()1.Couldyoupleasegivesome_______tothe________teachers?A.advice;menB.advices;menC.suggestion;manD.suggestions;man()2.Imadeafew________abouthowwecouldspendtheafternoon.A.adviceB.adviseC.suggestsD.suggestions()3.IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglishwriting.Couldyougivemeapieceof________?A.adviceB.decisionsC.informationD.suggestionADA★2.thenumberof,anumberof【解析】thenumberof意为“……的数目”,修饰复数可数名词,中心词为“数目”,故谓语动词用单数形式。anumberof意为“许多”,修饰复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。附:修饰复数可数名词表示“许多”的词组还有agood/greatmany,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等等。此外,anumberof还可以被分解为两个短语:asmallnumberof“少许,一些”和alargenumberof“大量的”。【举例】Thenumberofgraduateswhovolunteertohelpintheruralareahasreached3,000.志愿去农村地区助一臂之力的毕业生人数已经达到三千了。Anumberofpeopleweregatheringonthesquarewhentheaccidenthappened.当事故发生时,许多人正聚集在广场上。【应用】()1.______fishdiedoutbecauseofthewaterpollution.A.ThenumberofB.AllkindofC.AnumberofD.AbitC()2.Anumberofprofessors______totheUS.A.isflyingB.areflyC.havegoneD.hasgone()3.—Anumberofstudents______inthedinninghall.—Letmecount.Thenumberofthestudents______about400.A.are;isB.is;areC.are;areD.is;is()4.InChina,______graduatesgoabroadtohaveafurtherstudyeveryyear.A.agreatdealofB.thenumberofC.lotofD.agreatmanyCAD★3.people,person【解析】(1)people表示“人;人们”时是集体名词,表复数概念,不能表示“一个人”,只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people,如twopeople意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”,此时有单、复数之分,onepeople意为“一个民族”,twopeoples意为“两个民族”。(2)person是个体名词,它泛指man,woman或child中的任何一个,其复数形式是persons。【举例】Thishallisspaciousenoughtoholdatleast1,000people.这个大厅够宽敞,可以容纳至少一千人。Weallknowthatthereare56peoplesinChina.我们都知道中国有五十六个民族。Whoistheyoungestpersoninyourclass?你们班里年龄最小的人是谁?【应用】()1.Anold______camein.Shelookedpale.A.peopleB.manC.personD.personsC()2.Some______inthistownspeakCantonese(广东话).A.peopleB.personC.peoplesD.child()3.Therearemorethan20______inYunnanProvince.A.peopleB.peoplesC.personsD.person★4.family,house,home【解析】三者都牵涉到“家”。family意为“家;家人”,指家庭或家庭成员。house是指居住的建筑物(房屋,住宅),可以购买、出租或出售。home意为“家”,带有眷恋等感情色彩。AB【举例】HowmanypeoplearethereinSimon’sfamily?西蒙家有几口人?HehasboughtahouseinAmerica.他在美国买了一幢房子。Shegaveupherjobandstayedathometocareforherchildren.她放弃了工作,留在家里照看孩子们。【应用】()1.My______havelivedinthisvillageforovertenyears.A.houseB.familyC.homeD.parentB()2.Shedoesherhomeworkat______everynight.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room()3.There’sabigtreeinfrontofmy______.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.address★5.howmuch,howmany【解析】两者都可以表示“多少”,都可以用于特殊疑问句中询问数量。区别在于:howmuch询问数量时后面只接不可数名词;howmany询问数量时后面只接复数可数名词。附:howmuch还可以用于询问重量、价格或运算结果,当用于询问价格时,howmuch后可接单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词。CB【举例】—Howmuchbreaddoyouwant?你想要多少面包?—Halfakilo.一斤。—Howmanyroomsarethereinyourhouse?你的房子有多少间房间?—Three.三间。Howmuchisthisapple?这个苹果多少钱?Howmucharetheseapples?这些苹果多少钱?Howmuchisthebread?面包多少钱?【应用】()1.—______peoplearethereinyourfamily?—Therearefive.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.HowoldA()2.—______isyournewcomputer?—1,800dollars.A.HowmanydollarsB.What’sthepriceofC.HowmuchD.How()3.—______milkisthereintheglass?—Justalittle.A.HowmuchB.WhatC.HowmanyD.How()4.—______arethecarrots?—Twoyuanakilo.A.HowexpensiveB.What’rethepriceofC.HowmuchD.HowmanyCAC★6.noise,voice,sound【解析】(1)noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。(2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。(3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”,可以是人或动物的声音,也可以是大自然的任何声音。【举例】Don’tmakeanynoise!别吵闹!Sherry,thelovelygirl,hasareallysweetvoice.雪莉,那个可爱的女孩,有着相当甜美的嗓音。Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。【应用】()1.CelionDionisafantasticsinger.Shehasanamazing______.A.noiseB.voiceC.sound()2.Canyouhearthe______oftheriver?A.soundB.noiseC.voice()3.Stopthat______,noisyboys!A.voiceB.soundC.noiseBAC★7.problem,question【解析】两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题,常与动词solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题,常与动词ask或answer连用。此外,problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题,而question却无此含义。【举例】Theproblemisdifficulttobesolved.这个问题很难解决。MayIaskyousomequestions?我可以问你一些问题吗?Canyouworkoutthischemistryproblem?你能算出这道化学题吗?【应用】()1.—Canyoufixthis?—No______.A.problemB.problemsC.questionA()2.Thepresidentrefusestoanswerfurther_____onthissubject.A.questionB.questionsC.problems()3.Thephysics______Maxworkedoutwasreallydifficult.Hewasagenius!A.questionsB.problemsC.problem★8.work,job【解析】两者都可指“工作”。job指具体的职业或零工,是可数名词,ajob表示“一份工作”。work通常用作动词,作名词时常用作不可数名词,apieceofwork表示“一份工作”。附:work表示“著作、作品”之意时是可数名词,其复数为works。BC【举例】Iheardyouhadchangedjobs.我听说你换了几份工作。W