助动词用法及练习

be动词，情态动词，助动词do/does的用法区别及练习助动词，顾名思义就是帮助动词完成疑问及否定的，本身没有什么含义。主要的助动词有be,do,will,have等，其用法详述如下：一、⑴由连系动词am，is，are构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如：肯定句:Heisastudent.一般疑问句:Isheastudent?否定句:Heisnotastudent.画线提问:对he提问:Whoisastudent?对astudent提问:Whatishe?(2)was是am,is的过去式，were是are的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问句及否定句方法与（1）相同。二、(1)由情态动词can,may,will，shall等构成的句子:变一般疑问句时把can,may,will，shall提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可.变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可.例如:肯定句:Shecanswim.一般疑问句:Cansheswim?否定句:Shecannotswim.画线提问:对she提问:Whocanswim?对swim提问:Whatcanshedo?（2）could,might,would,should是can,may,will,shall的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问句及否定句方法与（1）相同。三、（1）由行为动词构成的句子:需要加助词do或does.变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面.变否定句时把don’t/doesn’t放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。play-----doplays-----does例如:肯定句:Theyplayfootballafterschool.Heplaysfootballafterschool.一般疑问句:Dotheyplayfootballafterschool?Doesheplayfootballafterschool?否定句:Theydon't(donot)playfootballafterschool.Hedoesn’t’playfootballafterschool.画线提问:对they/he提问:Whoplaysfootballafterschool?对playfootball提问:Whatdotheydoafterschool?Whatdoeshedoafterschool?对afterschool提问:Whendotheyplayfootball?Whendoesheplayfootball?（2）did是do和did的过去式，变一般疑问句时把did放在句子前面.变否定句时把didn’t放在动词的前面,要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词都要变回原型。四、(1)由have,has构成的现在完成时句子，变一般疑问句时把have,has提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在have,has后面加not即可。例如：肯定句：Hehasreadtoday’snewspaper.一般疑问句:Hashereadtoday’snewspaper.?否定句:Hehasnotreadtoday’snewspape画线提问:对he提问:Whohasreadtoday’snewspaper?对today’snewspaper提问:Whathashedid?(2)had是have和has的过去式，在构成的过去完成时句子中，变一般疑问句时把had提到到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在had后面加not即可。(3)若have,has,had没有出现在完成时的句子中，则当实义动词对待，请参考实义动词的用法。五、第一人称I，we在变疑问句时，应变为第二人称you。“Iam,you/we/theyare”这是初一最简单的固定搭配，不应再唠叨了吧！六、is,has,does用于第三人称的现在时态，was用于第三人称的过去时态。针对性练习按要求改写句子：1.IhavebeentoBeijin(一般疑问句)______________________toBeijin?2.Wecanseesomebirds.(一般疑问句)____________see______birds?3.Hedesignsclothes.(一般疑问句)______he________clothes?4.Thereweresomeflowersontheteachers’desk.(一般疑问句)__________________flowersontheteachers’desk?5.Thereweresomeapplesonthetree.(否定句)There__________________applesonthetree.6.Ithinkheisveryold.(否定句)I______thinkhe______veryold.7.Pleasecolouritgreen.(否定句)____________colouritgreen.8.Theyhadlunch(变否定句)_____________________________.9.Youmayhavesomehotdogs.(一般疑问句)_________________________________?.10.Therearen’tanypearsinthebox.(同义句)Thereare______pearsinthebox.11.Thissignmeans“Nosmoking”.What______thissign_________?12.Shehasalreadywrittentheletter.(改为否定句)she_________13.Shewasyoung.（改为一般疑问句）________________________?14.Mypencilsareinthepencil-box.(对划线部分提问)____________yourpencils?15.Igotupatsixyesterday(对划线部分提问)______________________yougetupyesterday?16.Theylikedtowalkhome.(改为一般疑问句)______they_______________________________?17.Thesearecars.(用buses改写成选择疑问句)Arethesecars____________?18.Myplantisonemonthold.(就划线部分提问)__________________________plant?19.Twoboysareinourhouse.(改为therebe句型)____________twoboysinourhouse.20.Myplanthastwogreenleaves.(就划线部分提问)_______________________________________plant__________?21.MissLigoestoHongKongbyplane.（同义句）MissLi_________________HongKong.22.Thewomenworkedintheshoefactory.（就划线部分提问）____________________women__________?23.Heishappy,becauseheisgoingtotakeatriptomorrow.（就划线部分提问）_____________________________?24.Myfathercancookthemeals.（就划线部分提问）_______________________father__________?25.Youshouldaddwateroften.（一般疑问句）____________________wateroften?一、变否定句时相关词的改变肯定句变否定句时，除将谓语变为否定式外，句中其他词语也可能随之改变，如将some改为any，too和also改为either，already改为yet，and改为or等：Therearesomebirdsinthetree.树上有些鸟。→Therearen’tanybirdsinthetree.树上没有鸟。Helikesthegirl,too.他也喜欢这个女孩。→Hedoesn’tlikethegirl,either.他也不喜欢这个女孩。Wehavealreadyseenthefilm.我们已看过这部电影。→Wehavenotseenthefilmyet.我们没有看这部电影。Helikessinginganddancing.他喜欢唱歌和跳舞。→Hedoesn’tlikesingingordancing.他不喜欢唱歌也不喜欢跳舞。二、部分否定与完全否定比较以下句子：Allofuslaughedwhenweheardit.听到这事时我们都笑了。(肯定句)Allofusdidn’tlaughedwhenweheardit.听到这事时我们并未都笑。(部分否定)Notallofuslaughedwhenweheardit.听到这事时我们并未都笑。(部分否定)Noneofuslaughedwhenweheardit.听到这事时我们都没笑。(完全否定)【注】可能涉及部分否定的词语有both,all,always,every等，即notboth表示“并非两者都”，notall表示“并非所有的都”，notalways表示“并非总是”，notevery表示“并非每个…都”。练习答案：1.Haveyoubeen,2.Canyouany,3.Doesdesign,4.Werethereany,5.werenotany,6.don’tis,7.Pleasedon’t,8.Theydidn’thavelunch,9.Mayyouhaveanyhotdogs,10.no,11.Doesmean,12.hasnotwrittentheletteryet,13.Wassheyoung,14.Whereare,15.Whattimedid,16.Didliketowalkhome,17.aren’tthey,18.Howoldisyouplant,19,Thereare,20.Howmanygreenleavesdoesyouhave,21.fliesto,22.Wheredidthework,23.Whyishehappy,24.Whatcanyoudo,25.shouldyouadd.