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1.中国有14.04亿人,是世界上人口最多的国家。Chinaistheworld'smostpopulouscountry,withapopulationofaround1.404billion.2.中国国土面积约960万平方公里,陆地面积位居世界第二位。Coveringapproximately9.6millionsquarekilometres(3.7millionsquaremiles),itistheworld'ssecond-largeststatebylandarea.3.中国下辖22个省,5个自治区和4个直辖市以及香港和澳门特别行政区,对台湾拥有主权。Itexercisesjurisdictionover22provinces,fiveautonomousregions,fourdirect-controlledmunicipalitiesandtheSpecialAdministrativeRegionsHongKongandMacau,alsoclaimingsovereigntyoverTaiwan.4.中国在华北平原肥沃的黄河盆地成为了世界上最早的文明古国之一。Chinaemergedasoneoftheworld'searliestcivilizationsinthefertilebasinoftheYellowRiverintheNorthChinaPlain.5.自那时起,中国历经多次领土扩张,分裂和重新统一。Sincethen,Chinahasexpanded,fractured,andre-unifiednumeroustimes.6.自从1978年实行经济改革以来,中国的经济增速一直位居世界前列。Sincetheintroductionofeconomicreformsin1978,China'seconomyhasbeenoneoftheworld'sfastest-growing.7.截止到2016年,按名义gdp计算,中国成为世界第二大经济体,按购买力平价计算,中国是世界第一大经济体。Asof2016,itistheworld'ssecond-largesteconomybynominalGDPandlargestbypurchasingpowerparity(PPP).8.中国还是世界第一大货物出口国和第二大货物进口国。Chinaisalsotheworld'slargestexporterandsecond-largestimporterofgoods.9.中国是一个强国,在亚洲是一个区域大国,已经被定性为一个潜在的超级大国。ChinaisagreatpowerandamajorregionalpowerwithinAsia,andhasbeencharacterizedasapotentialsuperpower.10.甲骨文是中国目前发现的最古老的汉字,现代汉字就是直接从甲骨文演变而来的。TheoraclebonescriptrepresentstheoldestformofChinesewritingyetfound,andisadirectancestorofmodernChinesecharacters.11.周国被削弱后许多国家最终独立,在为期300年的春秋时期相互交战不断。ManyindependentstateseventuallyemergedfromtheweakenedZhoustateandcontinuallywagedwarwitheachotherinthe300-yearSpringandAutumnperiod.12.到了公元前5到公元前3世纪的战国时期,在今天的中国版图上出现了战国七雄。BythetimeoftheWarringStatesperiodofthe5th–3rdcenturiesbce,thereweresevenpowerfulsovereignstatesinwhatisnowChina.13.中国的第一个皇帝秦始皇比较出名的地方是将战国时期各国的城墙连接起来形成了长城,不过,如今大部分长城都是明朝修建的。China’sFirstEmperor,QinShiHuang,isfamedforhavingunitedtheWarringStates'wallstoformtheGreatWallofChina.Mostofthepresentstructure,however,datestotheMingdynasty.14.秦国于公元前221年打败了其他六国,建立了第一个统一的中国,标志着战国时期的结束。TheWarringStatesperiodendedin221bceafterthestateofQinconqueredtheothersixkingdomsandestablishedthefirstunifiedChinesestate.15.他在全国实行了法家改革,比较著名的就是强行统一汉字,度量衡和货币。HeenactedQin'slegalistreformsthroughoutChina,notablytheforcedstandardizationofChinesecharacters,measurements,andcurrency.16.秦朝仅仅持续了15年,在始皇帝去世后,由于他采取的严酷专制政策造成大规模反抗,秦朝很快就覆亡了。TheQindynastylastedonlyfifteenyears,fallingsoonaftertheFirstEmperor'sdeath,ashisharshauthoritarianpoliciesledtowidespreadrebellion.17.汉朝统治下的中国成为当时世界上最大的经济体,尽管汉朝最开始实施去中央集权化并正式废弃秦朝的法家理念,采取儒家思想,但是汉朝以及之后的朝代依然继续采用秦朝的法家体制机制和政策。HanChinagraduallybecamethelargesteconomyoftheancientworld.DespitetheHan'sinitialdecentralizationandtheofficialabandonmentoftheQinphilosophyofLegalisminfavorofConfucianism,Qin'slegalistinstitutionsandpoliciescontinuedtobeemployedbytheHangovernmentanditssuccessors.18.汉朝灭亡后,出现了“三国争霸”的时期,核心人物后来成为了中国四大名著之一《三国演义》里的人物原型。AftertheendoftheHandynasty,aperiodofstrifeknownasThreeKingdomsfollowed,whosecentralfigureswerelaterimmortalizedinoneoftheFourClassicsofChineseliterature.19.隋朝让汉人重新执掌中国的统治权,实施了农业和经济改革,修建了大运河,并扶持佛教的发展。TheSuirestoredtheHantopowerthroughChina,reformeditsagricultureandeconomy,constructedtheGrandCanal,andpatronizedBuddhism.20.在之后的唐宋时期,中国的经济,科技和文化进入了发展的黄金时期。大唐帝国恢复了对西域和丝绸之路的控制,使得长安成为一个大都会。UnderthesucceedingTangandSongdynasties,Chineseeconomy,technology,andcultureenteredagoldenage.TheTangEmpirereturnedcontroloftheWesternRegionsandtheSilkRoad,andmadethecapitalChang'anacosmopolitanurbancenter.21.但是,公元8世纪爆发的安史之乱对唐朝造成重创,唐朝由此衰弱。However,itwasdevastatedandweakenedbytheAnShiRebellioninthe8thcentury.22.907年,地方军事长官变得难以掌控,唐朝彻底瓦解了。In907,theTangdisintegratedcompletelywhenthelocalmilitarygovernorsbecameungovernable.23.宋朝是世界历史上第一个发行纸币的政府,也是中国第一个建立常设海军的政体,这主要得益于发达的造船业和海上贸易。TheSongwasthefirstgovernmentinworldhistorytoissuepapermoneyandthefirstChinesepolitytoestablishapermanentstandingnavywhichwassupportedbythedevelopedshipbuildingindustryalongwiththeseatrade.24.公元10到11世纪,中国人口翻了一番,达到约1亿人,这主要得益于中国中部和南部水稻种植面积的扩大和大量粮食盈余。Betweenthe10thand11thcenturies,thepopulationofChinadoubledinsizetoaround100millionpeople,mostlybecauseoftheexpansionofricecultivationincentralandsouthernChina,andtheproductionofabundantfoodsurpluses.25.在唐朝蓬勃发展的佛教到了宋朝也出现了复兴。在宋朝时期,山水画艺术和瓷器工艺达到了新水平,更加成熟和复杂,哲学和艺术领域由此迎来了鼎盛发展。TheSongdynastyalsosawarevivalofConfucianism,inresponsetothegrowthofBuddhismduringtheTang,andaflourishingofphilosophyandthearts,aslandscapeartandporcelainwerebroughttonewlevelsofmaturityandcomplexity.26.在13世纪,蒙古族统治了中国。1271年,蒙古领袖忽必烈汗建立了元朝,于1279年征服了宋朝的最后残余力量。The13thcenturybroughttheMongolconquestofChina.In1271,theMongolleaderKublaiKhanestablishedtheYuandynasty;theYuanconqueredthelastremnantoftheSongdynastyin1279.27.在蒙古入侵之前,宋朝统治下的中国人口为1.2亿,到1300年人口统计时下降到了6000万。BeforetheMongolinvasion,thepopulationofSongChinawas120millioncitizens;thiswasreducedto60millionbythetimeofthecensusin1300.28.在明朝统治时期,中国再次迎来一个黄金时期,建立了当时世界上相当强大的海军,经济繁荣昌盛,艺术和文化也蓬勃发展。UndertheMingDynasty,Chinaenjoyedanothergoldenage,developingoneofthestrongestnaviesintheworldandarichandprosperouseconomyamidaflourishingofartandculture.29.郑和下西洋的寻宝之旅正是在这一时期进行的,最远