GPS-卫星定位系统设计

IGPS卫星定位系统设计张谱（陕西理工学院物理与电信工程学院通信工程专业1202，陕西汉中723003）指导教师：吴燕[摘要]本文设计了一种基于单片机、SERFGS1100GPS接收模块、12864液晶屏等器件的GPS卫星定位系统。重点研究了MCS－51系列单片机如何与GPS接收模块实现串行通信，并通过12864液晶显示屏显示出时间、经纬度以及海拔，最终实现了实时定位的功能要求，是一台体积小巧、携带方便、可以独立使用的全天候实时的定位设备。[关键字]单片机;GPS;12864液晶屏;定位；IIDesignofGPSsatellitepositioningsystemZhangpu(Grade2012,Class2,MajorofCommunicationEngineering,SchoolofPhysicsandTelecommunicationEngineering,ShaanxiUniversityofTechnology,Hanzhong723003,Shaanxi)Tutor:WuyanAbstract:Thisarticleisdesignedofmicrocontroller,SERFGS1100GPSreceivermodule,thecore12864LCDdevicesandsoonasGPSsatellitepositioningsystem.ItisfocusontheMCS-51seriesmicrocontrollerserialconnectionwithGPSreceivermodule,andthroughthe12864LCDshowsthetime,latitudeandlongitude,andaltitude,andultimatelythereal-timelocationcapabilities,isacompact,easytocarry,weatherreal-timepositioningequipmentusedindependently.Keywords:SCM;GPS;12864LCDscreen;positioning;III目录1.引言.........................................................................................................12.GPS卫星定位系统..................................................................................22.1GPS全球定位系统..................................................................................22.1.1GPS全球定位系统..........................................................................22.2GPS接收模块的研究..............................................................................42.3接收GPS定位信号方案.........................................................................53.GPS卫星定位系统硬件设计...................................................................53.1GPS卫星定位系统硬件总体结构..........................................................53.2单片机最小系统.....................................................................................63.3总体方案设计.........................................................................................63.4GPS卫星定位系统硬件子模块设计.......................................................73.4.1AT89S51微处理器主要性能..........................................................73.4.312864液晶显示模块......................................................................83.4.4电平转换电路................................................................................103.4.5电源选择.......................................................................................103.5GPS卫星定位系统硬件原理图............................................................104.GPS卫星定位系统软件设计...............................................................124.1基于单片机的GPS软件开发环境........................................................124.1.1程序编译环境――KeiluVision4.............................................124.1.2串口通信调试工具――COMPortDebugerV2.00.......................124.1.3单片机程序编程软件――SLISPV1.3.2.......................................134.1.4GPS接收模块调试软件——uNavAnalyzer...............................134.2GPS卫星定位系统软件设计................................................................144.3各模块软件总体设计...........................................................................154.3.1串口初始化模块...........................................................................154.3.2液晶模块初始化模块...................................................................164.3.3数据接收模块...............................................................................184.3.4数据格式调整送显模块...............................................................205.硬件制作及调试...................................................................................215.1实物图...................................................................................................225.2液晶屏无显示.......................................................................................225.2GPS模块送出数据单片机不能接收.....................................................226.总结与展望...........................................................................................23IV致谢...........................................................................................................24参考文献...................................................................................................25附录A英文原文文献..............................................................................26附录B英文中文翻译..............................................................................29附录C源程序..........................................................................................32附录D实物图..........................................................................................39附录EGPS卫星定位系统设计器件清单................................................40陕西理工学院毕业设计第1页共40页1.引言1978年2月22日第一颗GPS试验卫星的入轨运行，开创了以导航卫星为动态已知点的无线电导航定位的新时代。GPS卫星所发送的导航定位信号，是一种可供无数用户共享的空间信息资源。陆地、海洋和空间的广大用户，只要持有一种能够接收、跟踪、变换和测量GPS信号的接收机，就可以全天时、全天候和全球性地测量运动载体的七维状态参数和三维状态参数。其用途之广，影响之大，是任何其他无线电接收设备望尘莫及的。不仅如此，GPS卫星的入轨运行，还为大地测量学、地球动力学、地球物理学、天体力学、载人航天学、全球海洋学和全球气象学提供了一种高精度、全天时、全天候的测量新技术。纵观现状，GPS技术有下述用途。各种车辆的行驶状态监控；旅游者或旅游车的景点导游；应急车辆（如公安、急救车等）的快速引导行驶；高精度时间比对和频率控制；大气物理观测；地球物理资源勘探；工程建设的施工放样测量；大型建筑和煤气田的沉降检测；板内运动状态和地壳形变测量；陆地以及海洋大地测量基准的测定；工程、区域、国家等各种类型大地测量控制网的测量和建设；请求救援在途实时报告；引导盲人行走；平整路面的实时监控，精细农业。远洋船舶的最佳航线测定；远洋船队在途中航行的实时调度和监测；内河船只的实时调度和自主导航测量；海洋救援的搜索和定点测量；远洋渔船的结队航行和作业调度；海洋油气平台的就位和