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8BUnit4GrammarA.Usingquestionwords+to-infinitivesHowcanweformquestionwords+to–infinitives?Questionwordswhenwhathowwhowherewhichwhatwhichwhosehowmanyhowmuch+n.why+todo•要说什么•何时出发•去参观什么地方•如何使用电脑•选择哪个•照顾谁•要学什么语言•要走哪条路•要借谁的书•需要邀请多少学生•需要准备多少水•whattosay•whentoleave•wheretovisit•howtousethecomputer•whichtochoose•whotolookafter•whatlanguagetolearn•whichwaytotake•whosebooktoborrow•howmanystudentstoinvite•howmuchwatertopreparewhatnottosayCanyoumakeupsentences?这本说明书告诉我们要做什么，不要做什么。这个孩子太小，他不知道什么地方该去什么地方不该去。我不知道向谁求助。他不知道该查哪本字典。v.:advise,ask,decide,discuss,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,say,show,teach,think,understand,wonderadj.:sure,clearP55whichtoreadwheretofindhowtotravelwhentohandinwhattowriteaboutwhotoaskforFurtherthinkingSuzywillexplainwhysherecommendsthisbook.1.Milliehasdecidedwhattoread.2.Danieldidnotsaywhototalktoaboutthisbook.3.Simonforgotwhentomeethisfriends.4.Kittycannotdecidewhichtochoosefirst.5.Sandyiswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.6.Amydoesnotknowhowtowritethereport.Milliehasdecidedwhatshewillread.Danieldidn’tsaywhohewilltalktoaboutthisbook.Simonforgotwhenhewouldmeethisfriends.Kittycannotdecidewhichshewillchoosefirst.Sandyiswonderingwhereshewillaskforhelp.Amydoesn’tknowhowshewillwritethereport.Thisweek,wewillhaveatriptothecountryside.Beforegoingthere,weneedtodosomepreparations.Whatshouldwegetready?Weshouldknowwhentoleaveforthecountryside.动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。It’s+adj.+todosth作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。Mydream/work/dutyis.....作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语作宾补Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.ask,advise,teach,tell,promise,show+sb.+todo注意A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.注意B.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.注意C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。Modelverbsmusthavetodon’tneedtodon’thavetoMustsb…?Do/Doessb.haveto…?(必须)(不得不)1.表示义务、命令或必要，后面接动词原形。Soldiersmustobeyorders.Wemustkeepourword.2.must用在否定句结构中表示“不允许、禁止”Hemustnotleavehisroom.Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.3.must用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto——MustIhanditinbeforefive?——No,you_________________________.——Yes,you______________.youneedn’t./don’thavetoyoumust1.haveto由have+todo组成。因此具有have的各种时态。Heisaninvalidandhastohaveanurse.Sheknewwhatshehadtodo.Ishallhavetoreconsidermyposition.Heisalwayshavingtoexercisejudgment.1.含义不同：must表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志和主观的决心。haveto侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件作用的结果。Youmustdoitnow.Ihavetogonow.3.否定含义不同在否定句中,haveto表示不需要，must则表示不允许。Youdon’thavetogothere.Youmustn’tgothere.2.适用时态不同must只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在间接引语中）haveto可用于更多的场合。ShesaidshemustdowellinherEnglish.BUsingmustandhavetoWeusemustandhavetotosaythatitisnecessarytodosomethingHavetohasdifferentforms,hastohadtowillhavetohave/hasgottoTip1mustnot=mustn'tdonothaveto=don’thavetoTip2Weusehavetowhenthesituationmakessomethingnecessary.Ihavetousethemtoreachtheboxonthefridge.Shehastotakeherdaughterfromschoolintheafternoon.Weusemustwhenthespeakerfeelsthatsomethingisnecessary.Imustrunawayfromthem,Gulliverthought.Weusemustnottosaythatsomethingisnotallowed.Youmustnotsmokeinthelibrary.Weusedonothavetotosaythatitisnotnecessarytodosomething.Wedonothavetogotoschoolatweekends.You(1)______keepquietinthelibrary.You(2)______keepthebookscleanandtidy.You(3)_________draworwriteinthebooks.You(4)________eatordrinkinthelibrarLibraryrulesAmyistellinghercousinShirleysomelibraryrules.Completewhatshesayswithmust,mustnot,havetoordonothaveto.mustmustmustn’tmustn’tYou(5)_______returnthebooksontime.Ifyouwanttokeepthemlonger,you(6)________renewthem.You(7)_____________bringyourstudentcardeverytimeyougotothelibrary,butremembertobringyourlibrarycard.musthavetodon’thaveto同义句转换。Exercise1.Gulliverdidnotknowwherehecouldfindotherpeople.Gulliverdidnotknow_______________otherpeople.2.Gulliverwonderedwhohecouldaskforhelp.Gulliverwondered________________help.wheretofindwhotoaskfor3.Gulliverdidnotknowhowhecouldbreaktheropes.Gulliverdidnotknow______________theropes.4.Gulliverfoundoutwhathecoulddowiththetinyman.Gulliverfound___________withthetinyman.5.GulliverdecidedwhenheshouldleaveLilliput.Gulliverdecided______________Lilliput.howtobreakwhattodowhentoleave1.Don’tbelateagain.